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HBV Virus in the Future

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Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Infectious Diseases

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Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects an estimated 240 million people worldwide and is a major health problem. Despite its DNA genome, the virus is characterised by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity because of the use of an RNA intermediate and a reverse transcriptase during replication. Under the pressure of the immune response or exogenous factors such as immunisation or antiviral drugs, clinically relevant mutations in different proteins can be selected. Until now, HBV isolates have been classified in nine main genotypes (A–I), further segregated into subgenotypes, which have distinct ethno-geographic distributions. Genotypes A and D are ubiquitous and the two most prevalent genotypes in Europe, whereas genotypes B and C are restricted to eastern Asia and Oceania, genotype E to central and western Africa, and genotypes H and F to Latin America and Alaska. This review summarises the data concerning the origin and dispersion histories of the main HBV genotypes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biomediche “Luigi Sacco”, Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Gianguglielmo Zehender PhD, Erika Ebranati PhD, Lisa Fiaschi & Massimo Galli

  2. Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy

    Massimo Ciccozzi MD, PhD

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  1. Gianguglielmo Zehender PhD
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  2. Erika Ebranati PhD
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  3. Lisa Fiaschi
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  4. Massimo Ciccozzi MD, PhD
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  5. Massimo Galli
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Correspondence to Gianguglielmo Zehender PhD .

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  1. 9.baby, Center for Fertility and Family Health, Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Andrea Borini

  2. Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hospital “L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Maria Valeria Savasi

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Zehender, G., Ebranati, E., Fiaschi, L., Ciccozzi, M., Galli, M. (2016). HBV Virus in the Future. In: Borini, A., Savasi, M. (eds) Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Infectious Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30112-9_2

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