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Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Skin

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Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology

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Abstract

The skin forms the body’s primary interface with the environment and, as such, is equipped with a network of immune cells to provide the first line of defense against infection and injury. Recently, a new family of lymphocyte-like immune cells has been described that does not express rearranged antigen receptors. These cells have been termed innate lymphoid cells (ILC), and comprise several subsets that are defined by the expression of certain transcription factors and cytokines. Emerging evidence has implicated ILC in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases. Here, we review the biology of ILC and their role in skin pathophysiology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia

    Szun S. Tay, Sioh Yang Tan, Ben Roediger & Wolfgang Weninger

  2. Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    Szun S. Tay, Sioh Yang Tan, Ben Roediger & Wolfgang Weninger

  3. Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, E1 2AT, UK

    Nital Sumaria

  4. Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia

    Wolfgang Weninger

Authors
  1. Szun S. Tay
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  2. Sioh Yang Tan
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  3. Nital Sumaria
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  4. Ben Roediger
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  5. Wolfgang Weninger
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Correspondence to Wolfgang Weninger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Anthony A. Gaspari

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Stephen K. Tyring

  3. Department of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Daniel H. Kaplan

Review Questions

Review Questions

  1. 1.

    How does the developmental pathway of NK cells and ILC differ from B cells and T cells?

    1. A.

      Their developmental pathway is identical to B-cells and T-cells

    2. B.

      They lack a rearranged antigen receptor

    3. C.

      Their cell surface markers are different

    4. D.

      Their transcription factors are unique

  • Correct Answer: (B) NK cells and ILC lack rearranged antigen receptors, since they are innate immune cells

  1. 2.

    What are the key subsets of ILC?

    1. A.

      Group 1 ILC (IFN-gamma producing)

    2. B.

      Group 2 ILC (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 producing)

    3. C.

      Group 3 ILC (IL-17 and IL-22 producing)

    4. D.

      All of the above

    5. E.

      None of the above

  • Correct Answer: (D) All of the above are critical polarized subsets of ILC

  1. 3.

    How are ILC functionally similar to TCR αβ T cells?

    1. A.

      Can proliferate and secrete cytokines

    2. B.

      Exist as polarized subsets

    3. C.

      Interact with conventional T-cells

    4. D.

      Express unique transcription factors

    5. E.

      All of the above

  • Correct Answer: (E) All of the above. ILC share many features with conventional TCR αβ T cells

  1. 4.

    What is the evidence that ILC participate in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis?

    1. A.

      Activated ILC2 are increased in atopic dermatitis lesions

    2. B.

      ILC1 over-produce IFN gamma from the peripheral blood of atopic dermatitis patients

    3. C.

      Deficient ILC2 activation is found in atopic dermatitis

    4. D.

      ILC3 are critical in early atopic dermatitis skin lesions

  • Correct Answer: (A) Activated ILC2 are increased in atopic dermatitis skin lesions compared to uninvolved skin

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Tay, S.S., Tan, S.Y., Sumaria, N., Roediger, B., Weninger, W. (2017). Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Skin. In: Gaspari, A., Tyring, S., Kaplan, D. (eds) Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29785-9_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29785-9_3

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29785-9

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