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Photoimmunology

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Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology

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Abstract

Photoimmunology is the study of the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (principally ultraviolet light) on the immune system. Ultraviolet (UV) light represents the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation between the wavelengths of 100 and 400 nm. Through its actions on the immune system, UV radiation promotes the development of skin cancers, modulates the development of allergic contact dermatitis, and triggers several specific photosensitivity disorders collectively known as the immunologically-mediated photodermatoses. These disorders include polymorphic light eruption, actinic prurigo, solar urticaria, hydro vacciniforme, and chronic actinic dermatitis. In addition to discussing the molecular underpinnings of UV-induced carcinogenesis and the effects of UV radiation on contact hypersensitivy responses, this chapter reviews the clinical features, epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of the immunologically-mediated photodermatoses. Additionally, this chapter highlights the key immunologic mechanisms by which UV radiation is used therapeutically to treat dermatologic diseases, especially T-cell mediated skin disorders.

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Acknowledgement

We would like to thank the previous authors of this chapter, Christopher Hansen, Justin J. Leitenberger, and Heidi T. Jacobe, whose contributions established a strong foundation and formed the basis for the organization of this update.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, 1004 Chafee Avenue, FH-100, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA

    Jake E. Turrentine MD

  2. Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA

    Ponciano D. Cruz Jr. MD

Authors
  1. Jake E. Turrentine MD
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  2. Ponciano D. Cruz Jr. MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jake E. Turrentine MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Anthony A. Gaspari

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Stephen K. Tyring

  3. Department of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Daniel H. Kaplan

Questions

Questions

  1. 1.

    Which of the following wavelengths of light correctly describes the UVA1 spectrum?

    1. A.

      200–290 nm

    2. B.

      290–320 nm

    3. C.

      320–340 nm

    4. D.

      340–400 nm

    5. E.

      400–800 nm

  2. 2.

    Which of the following cytokines is critical to UV-induced immunosuppression?

    1. A.

      IL-1

    2. B.

      IL-5

    3. C.

      IL-10

    4. D.

      TGF-beta

    5. E.

      Interferon-alpha

  3. 3.

    Phototesting of patients with polymorphic light eruption is most likely to demonstrate which of the following findings?

    1. A.

      Decreased MED-A and decreased MED-B

    2. B.

      Decreased MED-A and normal MED-B

    3. C.

      Normal MED-A and decreased MED-B

    4. D.

      Normal MED-A and normal MED-B

    5. E.

      Vesiculation and scarring in response to UVA exposure

  4. 4.

    Patch test positivity to para-pheylenediamene (PPD) is most likely in patients with which of the following immunologically medicated photodermatoses?

    1. A.

      Actinic Prurigo

    2. B.

      Chronic Actinic Dermatitis

    3. C.

      Hydroa Vacciniforme

    4. D.

      Polymorphic Light Eruption

    5. E.

      Solar Urticaria

  5. 5.

    Which of the following presentations is characteristic of actinic prurigo?

    1. A.

      A 5 year old boy with itchy papules and excoriations on the face and neck, conjunctivitis, and cheilitis lasting throughout the year

    2. B.

      An 8 year old boy with recurrent vesicles on the cheeks that umbilicate and heal with pox-like scars

    3. C.

      A 10 year old boy with itchy papules on the ears for 1–2 weeks every spring

    4. D.

      A 24 year old woman with itchy papules on the forearms for 1–2 weeks every spring

    5. E.

      A 60 year old man with itchy lichenified plaques on the hands, face, and neck

Answers

  1. 1.

    D

  2. 2.

    C

  3. 3.

    D

  4. 4.

    B

  5. 5.

    A

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Turrentine, J.E., Cruz, P.D. (2017). Photoimmunology. In: Gaspari, A., Tyring, S., Kaplan, D. (eds) Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29785-9_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29785-9_10

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