Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Network Coding in Application Layer Multicast

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Network Coding at Different Layers in Wireless Networks

Abstract

It is proved that network coding can achieve multicast capacity and therefore improves the throughput of a multicast network significantly. This chapter will focus on applying network coding to Application layer multicast(ALM). The benefits are two folds: first, ALM is built on peer-to-peer networks whose topology can be arbitrary so it is easy to tailor the topology to facilitate network coding; second, the nodes in ALM are end hosts which are powerful enough to perform complex encoding and decoding operations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    In this chapter, host is used to represent the end users of the Internet. Every host is connected to a router to access the Internet.

  2. 2.

    If the graph is cyclic, a subgraph which satisfies our requirement can be found.

  3. 3.

    Since the mod operation is distributive over addition and multiplication, we omit \(\bmod q\) in the equations.

References

  1. H. Balakrishnan, D. Liben-Nowell, D. Karger, Analysis of the evolution of peer-to-peer systems, in Principles of Distributed Computing, July 2002

    Google Scholar 

  2. B. Bhattacharjee, S. Banerjee, C. Kommareddy, Scalable application layer multicast, in Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2002, Aug 2002

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bittorrent, http://www.bittorrent.com, 2004

  4. B. Botev, D. Xu, M. Hefeeda, A. Habib, B. Bhargava, Promise: peer-to-peer media streaming using collectcast, in Proceedings of the 11th ACM international conference on Multimedia, Nov 2003

    Google Scholar 

  5. P. Chou, M. Effros, S. Egner, K. Jain, S. Jaggi, P. Sanders, L. Tolhuizen, Polynomial time algorithms for multicast network code construction. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 51, 1973–1982 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Y. Cui, K. Nahrstedt, Layered peer-to-peer streaming, in Proceedings of ACM NOSSDAV 2003, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  7. C. Feng, B. Li, On large-scale peer-to-peer streaming systems with network coding, in Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, Oct 2008

    Google Scholar 

  8. L. Ford, D. Fulkerson, Maximal flow through a network. Can. J. Math. 8, 399–404 (1956)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. C. Fragouli, E. Soljanin, Network Coding Applications (Now Publishers Inc, 2008) Hanover, MA 02339

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gnutella protocol development, the Gnutella v0.6 protocol. Available: http://rfc-gnutella.sourceforge.net/developer/index.html, 2003

  11. GT-ITM, http://www.cc.gatech.edu/projects/gtitm/ (College of Computing, George Institute of Technology, 2000)

  12. C. Gkantsidis, P.R. Rodriguez, Network coding for large scale content distribution, in IEEE INFOCOM 2005, Mar 2005

    Google Scholar 

  13. V. Goebel, K. Skevik, T. Plagemann, Evaluation of a comprehensive P2P video-on-demand streaming system. Comput. Netw. 53(4), 434–455 (2009)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. A.V. Goldberg, R.E. Tarjan, A new approach to the maximum flow problem, in Proceedings of the 18th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 1986, pp. 136–146

    Google Scholar 

  15. V.K. Goyal, Multiple description coding: compression meets the network. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 18(5), 74–93 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. T. Ho, D.S. Lun, Network Coding: An Introduction (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. K. Hua, D. Tran, T. Do, Zigzag: an efficient peer-to-peer scheme for media streaming, in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2003, Apr 2003

    Google Scholar 

  18. R.M. Karp, S. Ratnasamy, M. Handley, S. Shenker, Topologically-aware overlay construction and server selection, in IEEE INFOCOM 2002, June 2002

    Google Scholar 

  19. A-M. Kermarrec, M. Castro, P. Druschel, A. Rowstron, Scribe: a large-scale and decentralised application-level multicast infrastructure. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. (Special Issue on Netw. Support Multicast) 20(8), 1489–1499 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  20. A.-M. Kermarrec, A. Nandi, A. Rowstron M. Castro, P. Druschel, A. Singh, Splitstream: high-bandwidth multicast in cooperative environments, in Proceedings of ACM SOSP 2003, Oct 2003

    Google Scholar 

  21. R. Koetter, D. Karger, M. Effros J. Shi, T. Ho, M. Medard, B. Leong, A random linear network coding approach to multicast. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 52, 4413–4430 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. S.Y.R. Li, R. Ahlswede, N. Cai, R.W. Yeung, Network information flow. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 46, 1204–1216 (2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. B.C. Li, Y. Zhu, J. Guo, Multicast with network coding in application-layer overlay networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 22(1), 107–120 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. B. Li, X. Zhang, J. Liu, T.-S. P. Yum, Coolstreaming: a data-driven overlay network for efficient live media streaming, in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2005, 2005

    Google Scholar 

  25. Y.T.H. Li, D. Ren, S.H.G. Chan, On reducing mesh delay for peer-to-peer live streaming, in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2008, Apr 2008

    Google Scholar 

  26. M. Luby, J.W. Byers, M. Mitzenmacher, A digital fountain approach to asynchronous reliable multicast. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 20(8), 1528–1540 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. N. Magharei, R. Rejaie, Understanding mesh based peer-to-peer streaming, in Proceedings of ACM NOSSDAV 2006, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  28. M. Mahdian, K. Jain, M.R. Salavatipour, Packing Steiner trees, in 14th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  29. C.K. Ngai, R.W. Yeung, Network coding gain of combination networks, in IEEE Information Theory Workshop, Oct 2004, pp. 283–287

    Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Qin, X. Xu, J. Zhou, H. Wang, Y. Yang, Joint generation network coding in unreliable wireless networks, in Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM 2011, Dec 2011

    Google Scholar 

  31. S. Seshan, Y.H. Chu, S.G. Rao, H. Zhang, A case for end system multicast. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. (Special Issue on Netw. Support Multicast) 20(8), 1456–1471 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  32. J. Shi, M. Effros, T. Ho, M. Medard, D.R. Karger, On randomized network coding, in Proceedings of Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  33. N. Sundaram, P. Ramanathan, Multirate media streaming using network coding, in Proceedings of 43rd Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Sept 2005

    Google Scholar 

  34. The Network Simulator NS-2 (2002), http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/

  35. A. Vitali, M. Fumagalli, Standard-compatible multiple-description coding (MDC) and layered coding (LC) of audio/video streams. Internet Draft - Network Working Group, July 2005

    Google Scholar 

  36. C. Wang, N.B. Shroff, Intersession network coding for two simple multicast sessions, in Proceedings of Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Sept 2007

    Google Scholar 

  37. Y. Wang, Y. Yang, Multicasting in a class of multicast-capable WDM networks. J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 350–359 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. D. Xu, B. Bhargava, M. Hefeeda, A. Habib, B. Botev, Collectcast: a peer-to-peer service for media streaming. ACM/Springer Multimedia Syst. J. 11, 68–81 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Y. Yang, A class of interconnection networks for multicasting. IEEE Trans. Comput. 47, 899–906 (1998)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  40. Y. Yang, J. Wang, On blocking probability of multicast networks. IEEE Trans. Commun. 46, 957–968 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Yang, Y. Yang, Peer-to-peer file sharing based on network coding, in The 28th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2008

    Google Scholar 

  42. M. Yang, Y. Yang, Adaptive network coding for heterogeneous peer-to-peer streaming systems, in The 9th IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, 2009

    Google Scholar 

  43. M. Yang, Y. Yang, An efficient hybrid peer-to-peer system for distributed data sharing. IEEE Trans. Comput. 59(9), 1158–1171 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  44. M. Yang, Y. Yang, A hypergraph approach to linear network coding in multicast networks. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 21(7), 968–982 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. M. Yang, Y. Yang, Optimal overlay construction on heterogeneous live peer-to-peer streaming systems, in The 39th IEEE International Conference on Parallel Processing, 2010

    Google Scholar 

  46. Y. Yang, J. Wang, M. Yang, A service-centric multicast architecture and routing protocol. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 19, 35–51 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Y. Yang, X. Deng, S. Hong, A flexible platform for hardware-aware network experiments and a case study on wireless network coding. IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking 21(1), 149–161 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. R.W. Yeung, S.Y.R. Li, N. Cai, Linear network coding. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 49, 371–381 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  49. Q. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Zhao, F. Yang, F. Zhang, Lion: layered overlay multicast with network coding. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 8(5), 1021–1032 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. M. Zhao, Y. Yang, Packet scheduling with joint design of MIMO and network coding. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 72(3) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA

    Min Yang

  2. Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    Yuanyuan Yang

Authors
  1. Min Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuanyuan Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Min Yang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Computer Science Department, Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology, Xili, Shenzhen, China

    Yang Qin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yang, M., Yang, Y. (2016). Network Coding in Application Layer Multicast. In: Qin, Y. (eds) Network Coding at Different Layers in Wireless Networks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29770-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29770-5_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29768-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29770-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation