Abstract
Currently, most cloud computing deployments are generally supported through the use of large scale data centres. There is a common perception that by developing scalable computation, storage, network, and by energy-acquisition at preferential prices, data centres are able to provide more efficient, reliable and cost effective hosting environments for user applications. However, although the network capacity within and in the proximity of such a data centre may be high – the connectivity of a user to their first hop network may not be. Understanding how a distributed cloud can be provisioned, enabling capability to be made available “closer” to a user (geographically or based on network metrics, such as number of hops or latency), remains an important challenge – aiming to provide the same benefits as a centralised cloud, but with better Quality of Service for mobile users. With increasing proliferation of mobile devices and sensor-based deployments, understanding how data from such devices can be processed in closer proximity to the device (ranging from capability directly available on the device or through first-hop network nodes from the device) also forms an important requirement of such distributed clouds. We review a number of technologies that could be useful enablers of distributed clouds – outlining common themes across them and identifying potential business models.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Unbounded here refers to the user perception of endless on-demand capacity.
References
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M.: Internet of things (IoT): a vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 29, 1645–1660 (2013)
Bittencourt, L.F., Madeira, E.R.M., Da Fonseca, N.L.S.: Scheduling in hybrid clouds. IEEE Commun. Mag. 50, 42–47 (2012)
Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A.D., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., Lee, G., Patterson, D., Rabkin, A., Stoica, I., et al.: A view of cloud computing. Comm. of the ACM 53, 50–58 (2010)
Mazmanov, D., Curescu, C., Olsson, H., Ton, A., Kempf, J.: Handling performance sensitive native cloud applications with distributed cloud computing and SLA management. In: 2013 IEEE/ACM 6th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC), pp. 470–475 (2013)
Nygren, E., Sitaraman, R.K., Sun, J.: The akamai network: a platform for high-performance internet applications. SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev. 44, 2–19 (2010)
Chun, B.G., Ihm, S., Maniatis, P., Naik, M., Patti, A.: Clonecloud: elastic execution between mobile device and cloud. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Computer Systems, EuroSys 2011, pp. 301–314. ACM, New York (2011)
Cuervo, E., Balasubramanian, A., Cho, D.K., Wolman, A., Saroiu, S., Chandra, R., Bahl, P.: Maui: making smartphones last longer with code offload. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, MobiSys 2010, pp. 49–62. ACM, New York (2010)
Pedersen, M., Fitzek, F.: Mobile clouds: the new content distribution platform. Proc. IEEE 100, 1400–1403 (2012)
Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., Addepalli, S.: Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. In: MCC Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing, pp. 13–16. ACM (2012)
Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Natarajan, P., Zhu, J.: Fog computing: a platform for internet of things and analytics. In: Bessis, N., Dobre, C. (eds.) Big Data and Internet of Things: A Roadmap for Smart Environments. SCI, vol. 546, pp. 169–186. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Fesehaye, D., Gao, Y., Nahrstedt, K., Wang, G.: Impact of cloudlets on interactive mobile cloud applications. In: 2012 IEEE 16th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC), pp. 123–132 (2012)
Checko, A., Christiansen, H., Yan, Y., Scolari, L., Kardaras, G., Berger, M., Dittmann, L.: Cloud ran for mobile networks - a technology overview. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 17, 405–426 (2015)
Bittencourt, L.F., Lopes, M.M., Petri, I., Rana, O.F.: Towards virtual machine migration in fog computing. In: 10th International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing (2015)
Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge various individuals who have contributed to our views expressed in this article, these include: Manish Parashar, Javier Diaz-Montes, Mengsong Zou, Ali Reza Zemani (Rutgers University, USA), Rafael Tolosana-Calasanz, Jose Banares (University of Zaragoza, Spain), Congduc Pham (University of Pau, France), Yacine Rezgui, Tom Beach, Stuart Allen (Cardiff University).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bittencourt, L.F., Rana, O., Petri, I. (2016). Cloud Computing at the Edges . In: Helfert, M., Méndez Muñoz, V., Ferguson, D. (eds) Cloud Computing and Services Science. CLOSER 2015. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 581. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29582-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29582-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29581-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29582-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)