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Neonatal Viral Infections: Enteroviruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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Neonatology

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Abstract

The detection and identification of viral infections in newborns have been greatly improved by the recent development of rapid and highly sensitive diagnostic methods, particularly polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Most common clinical presentations of viral infection are sepsis-like illness, prolonged seizures, respiratory disease, gastrointestinal disease, and NEC-like syndrome. Enterovirus and Parechovirus (EV/PeV) infections are the most frequently diagnosed infections in newborns and are responsible for the highest mortality. These infections can lead to myocarditis, meningitis, and encephalitis and may cause severe cardiac and neurological sequelae. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ranks second as incidence, especially during winter. RSV may cause a severe bronchiolitis or pneumonia especially in preterm infants. Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody which may reduce the burden of RSV-related disease. Palivizumab prophylaxis is recommended in premature infants below 35 weeks of gestational age, in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and in infants with severe congenital heart disease in the first year of life.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy

    Paolo Manzoni, Davide Montin & Elena Tavella

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Davide Montin

  3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Regina Margherita Childrens Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy

    Pier Angelo Tovo

Authors
  1. Paolo Manzoni
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  2. Davide Montin
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  3. Elena Tavella
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  4. Pier Angelo Tovo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paolo Manzoni .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Giuseppe Buonocore

  2. Department of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Rodolfo Bracci

  3. Liverpool Women’s Hospital Neonatal Unit, Liverpool, UK

    Michael Weindling

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Manzoni, P., Montin, D., Tavella, E., Tovo, P.A. (2018). Neonatal Viral Infections: Enteroviruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. In: Buonocore, G., Bracci, R., Weindling, M. (eds) Neonatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29489-6_256

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29489-6_256

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29487-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29489-6

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