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Ontogeny of Sleep and Its Functions in Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

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Sleep Disorders in Children

Abstract

We have long understood sleep as an active, not passive, process that serves many functions, some of which vary in importance across the human lifespan. Ontogeny is the study of how a living organism develops from conception to birth and across its lifespan. This chapter reviews the ontogeny of sleep and its functions from infancy through adolescence. Sleep in humans serves many functions including: (1) fostering optimal brain growth and development; (2) enhancing learning, attention, memory, synaptic efficiency, and plasticity; (3) regulation of emotion, appetite, feeding, body weight, risk-taking, and pleasure-seeking behaviors; (4) strengthening immune function; and (5) providing optimal time for clearing the brain of cellular debris and neurotoxins. The chapter provides summaries of growing evidence for each of these. Sleep/wake states are scored in polysomnography using electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and electrooculography (EOG), and the ontogeny of these is also reviewed here.

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  1. Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC10 5620, One University of NM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA

    Madeleine Marie Grigg-Damberger MD

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    Soňa Nevšímalová

  2. Sapienza University, S. Andrea Hospital, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Rome, Roma, Italy

    Oliviero Bruni

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Grigg-Damberger, M.M. (2017). Ontogeny of Sleep and Its Functions in Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence. In: Nevšímalová, S., Bruni, O. (eds) Sleep Disorders in Children. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28640-2_1

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