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Offline Norm Evolution

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Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART 2015)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 9494))

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Abstract

An approach to the pre-runtime design of normative systems for a class of problem-solving norm-regulated multi-agent systems is suggested. The basic idea is to employ evolutionary mechanisms to evolve efficient normative systems for so-called norm-regulated Dalmases, as part of the design process. The Dalmas architecture uses an algebraic approach to normative systems, in which normative consequences are based on an extended set of one-agent types of normative positions, which is given a semantics in terms of prohibition of certain types of state transitions. To illustrate the approach, a genetic algorithm is used to evolve norms for an example system. Furthermore, some approaches to reducing the algorithm’s search space, including to employ a notion of ‘operational equivalence’ of norms, are discussed. It is demonstrated that an evolutionary algorithm may be a useful tool when designing norms for problem-solving multi-agent systems.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.robocup.org.

  2. 2.

    The free variables in \(c(x_{1} ,...,x_{p})\) must be the same, and in the same order, as the free variables in \(d(x_{1},...,x_{q})\), but it is not necessary that c and d have the same arity. Cf. [20, p.146].

  3. 3.

    Cf. [19, Sect. 1.8.3].

  4. 4.

    In [9], such a tuple is called a transition system situation.

  5. 5.

    Cf. the remark in [10, p. 84].

  6. 6.

    The ‘move operator’ \(M_{\kappa }\), where \(\kappa \) is less than or equal to the arity of the condition to which it is applied, identifies the agent to which the normative condition applies with the moving agent x in the situation \(\langle x,s\rangle \), as well as with the \(\kappa \)th agent in the argument sequence \(X_{\nu }\). For example, \(M_{1}Lap_{0}(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3};x,s)\) holds if and only if \(Lap_{0}(x_{1},x_{2};s)\) holds, and \(x_{1}=x_{3}\), and \(x_{3}=x\). See, e.g., [9] for an explanation.

  7. 7.

    This is due to the fact that \(Lap_{6} \,R\,Lap_{9}^{\prime }\) and \(Lap_{9}\,R\,Lap_{6}^{\prime }\). Thus, if a certain type of normative position holds regarding \(Lap_{9}\), then this completely determines the type of normative position regarding \(Lap_{6}\), or vice versa. For example, when \(Lap_{9}\) holds, if \(P_{7}Lap_{6}\), then it must follow that \(P_{5}Lap_{9}\).

  8. 8.

    http://watchmaker.uncommons.org/.

  9. 9.

    The source code is available for download via http://drpa.se/norms/nrtssit, together with a log of a run of the algorithm.

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Acknowledgements

The author is very grateful to Jan Odelstad and Magnus Boman for valuable ideas and suggestions, to participants of ICAART 2015 for discussions in relation to this paper, and to the organizers of the conference for the opportunity to expand the conference paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden

    Magnus Hjelmblom

  2. Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

    Magnus Hjelmblom

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  1. Magnus Hjelmblom
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Correspondence to Magnus Hjelmblom .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. LERIA - UFR Sciences , Angers, France

    Béatrice Duval

  2. Leiden University , Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands

    Jaap van den Herik

  3. LERIA - UFR Sciences , Angers, France

    Stephane Loiseau

  4. Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal , Setúbal, Portugal

    Joaquim Filipe

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Hjelmblom, M. (2015). Offline Norm Evolution. In: Duval, B., van den Herik, J., Loiseau, S., Filipe, J. (eds) Agents and Artificial Intelligence. ICAART 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9494. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27947-3_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27947-3_17

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