Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Head and Neck Paragangliomas

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Head and Neck Cancer

  • 2401 Accesses

Abstract

Head and neck paragangliomas are highly vascularized neuroendocrine tumors derived from the extra-adrenal paraganglia of the autonomic nervous system. These tumors may occur either sporadically or in the context of a hereditary familial tumor syndrome, and multifocal presentations are observed, particularly in hereditary cases. Hereditary paragangliomas are mostly caused by mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase complex genes. Early imaging, with ultrasonography of the neck and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the skull base, is essential for localizing and assessing the extent of the tumor, as well as for precise planning of the treatment approach. Views regarding the treatment of choice are generally moving away from radical resection toward surgical tumor reduction in order to preserve function and reduce morbidity. Radiotherapy modalities are alternative primary treatment options, depending on the individual situation (e.g., in relation to age, comorbidity, multifocal lesions, and risk of injury to the cranial nerves). Observation is an option in selected patients. The potential morbidity of surgical treatment must be weighed against the expectable quality of life, and comprehensive consultation with the patient about the possible treatment modalities is mandatory. Treatment decision-making should involve a multidisciplinary team of experts in the fields of nuclear medicine, genetics, pathology, radiology, radio-oncology, and surgery.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Pellitteri PK, Rinaldo A, Myssiorek D, et al. Paragangliomas of the head and neck. Oral Oncol. 2004;40:563–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Barnes L, Everson J, Reichart P, et al. World Health Organization classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the head and neck. Lyon: IARC; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Martin TPC. What we call them: the nomenclature of head and neck paragangliomas. Clin Otolaryngol. 2006;31:185–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Blume-Peytavi U, Adler YD, Geilen CC, et al. Multiple cutaneous glomangioma: a pedigree of four generations and critical analysis of histologic and genetic differences of glomus tumors. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:633–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Martin TPC, Irving RM, Maher ER. The genetics of paragangliomas: a review. Clin Otolaryngol. 2007;32:7–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sevilla MA, Hermsen MA, Weiss MM, et al. Chromosomal changes in sporadic and familial head and neck paragangliomas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;140:724–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Offergeld C, Brase C, Yaremchuk S, et al. Head and neck paragangliomas: clinical and molecular genetic classification. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012;67 Suppl 1:19–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Thedinger BA, Glasscock 3rd ME, Cueva RA, et al. Postoperative radiographic evaluation after acoustic neuroma and glomus jugulare tumor removal. Laryngoscope. 1992;102:261–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen PG, Nguyen JH, Payne SC, et al. Treatment of glomus jugulare tumors with gamma knife radiosurgery. Laryngoscope. 2010;120:1856–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Boedeker CC, Ridder GJ, Schipper J. Paragangliomas of the head and neck: diagnosis and treatment. Fam Cancer. 2005;4: 55–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Langerman A, Athavale SM, Rangarajan SV, et al. Natural history of cervical paragangliomas: outcomes of observation of 43 patients. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;138:341–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Papaspyrou K, Welkoborsky HJ, Gouveris H, et al. Malignant and benign sinonasal paragangliomas. Laryngoscope. 2013;123: 1830–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Künzel J, Zenk J, Koch M, et al. Paraganglioma of the facial nerve, a rare differential diagnosis for facial nerve paralysis: case report and review of the literature. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;269:693–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lee JH, Barich F, Karnell LH, et al. National Cancer Data Base report on malignant paragangliomas of the head and neck. Cancer. 2002;94:730–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Papaspyrou K, Mewes T, Rossmann H, et al. Head and neck paragangliomas: report of 175 patients (1989–2010). Head Neck. 2012;34:632–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Dupin C, Lang P, Dessard-Diana B, et al. Treatment of head and neck paragangliomas with external beam radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014;89:353–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Martucci VL, Pacak K. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: diagnosis, genetics, management, and treatment. Curr Probl Cancer. 2014;38:7–41.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Arts HA, Fagan PA. Vagal body tumors. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991;105:78–85.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Dahia PL. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma pathogenesis: learning from genetic heterogeneity. Nat Rev Cancer. 2014;14: 108–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lefebvre M, Foulkes WD. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma syndromes: genetics and management update. Curr Oncol. 2014;21:e8–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Jochmanová I, Zelinka T, Widimský Jr J, et al. HIF signaling pathway in pheochromocytoma and other neuroendocrine tumors. Physiol Res. 2014;63 Suppl 2:251–62.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Baysal BE, Ferrell RE, Willett-Brozick JE, et al. Mutations in SDHD, a mitochondrial complex II gene, in hereditary paraganglioma. Science. 2000;287(5454):848–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Rodriguez-Cuevas S, Lau I, Rodriguez HP. High-altitude paragangliomas: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Cancer. 1986;57:672–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Astuti D, Latif F, Dallol A, et al. Gene mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit SDHB cause susceptibility to familial pheochromocytoma and to familial paraganglioma. Am J Hum Genet. 2001;69:49–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Niemann S, Müller U. Mutations in SDHC cause autosomal dominant paraganglioma, type 3. Nat Genet. 2000;26:268–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Burnichon N, Brière JJ, Libé R, et al. SDHA is a tumor suppressor gene causing paraganglioma. Hum Mol Genet. 2010;19:3011–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Hao HX, Khalimonchuk O, Schraders M, et al. SDH5, a gene required for flavination of succinate dehydrogenase, is mutated in paraganglioma. Science. 2009;325(5944):1139–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Dahia PL, Robledo M. An update on the genetics of paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, and associated hereditary syndromes. Horm Metab Res. 2012;44:328–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Qin Y, Yao L, King EE, et al. Germline mutations in TMEM127 confer susceptibility to pheochromocytoma. Nat Genet. 2010;42: 229–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Neumann HP, Sullivan M, Winter A, et al. Germline mutations of the TMEM127 gene in patients with paraganglioma of head and neck and extraadrenal abdominal sites. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:E1279–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Comino-Méndez I, Gracia-Aznárez FJ, Schiavi F, et al. Exome sequencing identifies MAX mutations as a cause of hereditary pheochromocytoma. Nat Genet. 2011;43:663–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Burnichon N, Cascón A, Schiavi F, et al. MAX mutations cause hereditary and sporadic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:2828–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wadt K, Choi J, Chung JY, et al. A cryptic BAP1 splice mutation in a family with uveal and cutaneous melanoma, and paraganglioma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2012;25:815–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Erlic Z, Rybicki L, Peczkowska M, European-American Pheochromocytoma Study Group, et al. Clinical predictors and algorithm for the genetic diagnosis of pheochromocytoma patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15:6378–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Neumann HP, Erlic Z, Boedeker CC, et al. Clinical predictors for germline mutations in head and neck paraganglioma patients: cost reduction strategy in genetic diagnostic process as fall-out. Cancer Res. 2009;69:3650–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Burnichon N, Abermil N, Buffet A, et al. The genetics of paragangliomas. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2012;129: 315–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Fishbein L, Merrill S, Fraker DL, et al. Inherited mutations in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: why all patients should be offered genetic testing. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20:1444–50.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Rana HQ, Rainville IR, Vaidya A. Genetic testing in the clinical care of patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2014;21:166–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Brito JP, Asi N, Bancos I, et al. Testing for germline mutations in sporadic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: a systematic review. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015;82(3):338–45. doi:10.1111/cen.12530.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. McInerney-Leo AM, Marshall MS, Gardiner B, et al. Whole exome sequencing is an efficient and sensitive method for detection of germline mutations in patients with phaeochromcytomas and paragangliomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014;80:25–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Welander J, Andreasson A, Juhlin CC, et al. Rare germline mutations identified by targeted next-generation sequencing of susceptibility genes in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:E1352–60. doi:10.1210/jc.2013-4375.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Knudson Jr AG. Genetics of human cancer. Annu Rev Genet. 1986;20:231–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hensen EF, Bayley JP. Recent advances in the genetics of SDH-related paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma. Fam Cancer. 2011;10:355–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kovrishko NM. Postnatal development and structural characteristic of the principle paraganglia in man. Fed Proc. 1964;22(Suppl):740.

    Google Scholar 

  45. West GB, Shepherd DM, Hunter RB, et al. The function of the organ of Zuckerkandl. Clin Sci. 1953;12:317–25.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Coupland RE. Postnatal fate of the abdominal para-aortic bodies in man. J Anat. 1952;86:357–72.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Coupland RE. Electron microscope observation on the structure of the rat adrenal medulla: the ultrastructure and organization of chromaffin cells in the normal adrenal medulla. Normal innervations. J Anat. 1965;99:231–54.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Kohn A. Die Paraganglien. Arch Mikr Anat. 1903;62:263–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Heymans C, Bouckhaert JJ, Dautrebande L. Sinus carotidien et reflexes respiratoires. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1930;39:400–6.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Lack EE. Tumors of the adrenal gland and extraadrenal paraganglioma. In: Atlas of tumor pathology, series 4, fascicle 8. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Patel YC. Somatostatin and its receptor family. Front Neuroendocrinol. 1999;20:157–98.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Arias-Stella J, Valcarcel J. Chief cell hyperplasia in the human carotid body at high altitudes; physiologic and pathologic significance. Hum Pathol. 1976;7:361–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Papaspyrou K, Mann WJ, Amedee RG. Management of head and neck paragangliomas: review of 120 patients. Head Neck. 2009;31:381–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Manolidis S, Shohet JA, Jackson CG, et al. Malignant glomus tumors. Laryngoscope. 1999;109:30–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Heath D, Khan Q, Smith P. Histopathology of the carotid bodies in neonates and infants. Histopathology. 1990;17:511–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Grimley PM, Glenner GG. Histology and ultrastructure of carotid body paragangliomas. Comparison with the normal gland. Cancer. 1967;20:1473–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Glenner GG, Grimley PM. Tumors of the extra-adrenal paraganglion system (including chemoreceptors). In: Atlas of tumor pathology. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1974. p. 1–90.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Capella C, Riva C, Cornaggia M, et al. Histopathology, cytology and cytochemistry of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas including chemodectomas. Pathol Res Pract. 1988;183:176–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Persky MS, Setton A, Niimi Y, et al. Combined endovascular and surgical treatment of head and neck paragangliomas—a team approach. Head Neck. 2002;24:423–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Netterville JL, Jackson CG, Miller FR, et al. Vagal paraganglioma: a review of 46 patients treated during a 20-year period. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998;124:1133–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Sykes JM, Ossoff RH. Paragangliomas of the head and neck. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1986;19:755–67.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. House JW, Brackmann DE. Facial nerve grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1985;93:146–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Künzel J, Iro H, Hornung J, et al. Function-preserving therapy for jugulotympanic paragangliomas: a retrospective analysis from 2000 to 2010. Laryngoscope. 2012;122:1545–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Mafee MF, Raofi B, Kumar A, et al. Glomus faciale, glomus jugulare, glomus tympanicum, glomus vagale, carotid body tumors, and simulating lesions. Role of MR imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 2000;38:1059–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Van den Berg R. Imaging and management of head and neck paragangliomas. Eur Radiol. 2005;15:1310–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Zhang TH, Jiang WL, Li YL, et al. Perioperative approach in the surgical management of carotid body tumors. Ann Vasc Surg. 2012;26:775–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Timmers HJ, Chen CC, Carrasquillo JA, et al. Comparison of 18F-fluoro-L-DOPA, 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose, and 18F-fluorodopamine PET and 123I-MIBG scintigraphy in the localization of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:4757–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Blanchet EM, Gabriel S, Martucci V, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT as a predictor of hereditary head and neck paragangliomas. Eur J Clin Invest. 2014;44:325–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Timmers HJ, Chen CC, Carrasquillo JA, et al. Staging and functional characterization of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104:700–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Havekes B, King K, Lai EW, et al. New imaging approaches to phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010;72:137–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Suárez C, Rodrigo JP, Boedeker CC, et al. Jugular and vagal paragangliomas: systematic study of management with surgery and radiotherapy. Head Neck. 2013;35:1195–204.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Kollert M, Minovi AA, Draf W, et al. Cervical paragangliomas—tumor control and long-term functional results after surgery. Skull Base. 2006;16:185–91.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Hinerman RW, Mendenhall WM, Amdur RJ, et al. Definitive radiotherapy in the management of chemodectomas arising in the temporal bone, carotid body, and glomus vagale. Head Neck. 2001;23:363–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Ivan ME, Sughrue ME, Clark AJ, et al. A meta-analysis of tumor control rates and treatment-related morbidity for patients with glomus jugulare tumors. J Neurosurg. 2011;114:1299–305.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Miller JP, Semaan M, Einstein D, et al. Staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery after tailored surgical resection: a novel treatment paradigm for glomus jugulare tumors. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2009;87:31–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Miller JP, Semaan MT, Maciunas RJ, et al. Radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2009;42: 689–706.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Künzel J, Koch M, Brase C, et al. Treatment of cervical paragangliomas: is surgery the only way? Am J Otolaryngol. 2014;35:186–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Lim JY, Kim J, Kim SH, et al. Surgical treatment of carotid body paragangliomas: outcomes and complications according to the Shamblin classification. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;3:91–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Anand VK, Alemar GO, Sanders TS. Management of the internal carotid artery during carotid body tumor surgery. Laryngoscope. 1995;105:231–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Shamblin WR, ReMine WH, Sheps SG, et al. Carotid body tumor (chemodectoma). Clinicopathologic analysis of ninety cases. Am J Surg. 1971;122:732–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Patetsios P, Gable DR, Garrett WV, et al. Management of carotid body paragangliomas and review of a 30-year experience. Ann Vasc Surg. 2002;16:331–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Zeng G, Zhao J, Ma Y, et al. Resection of carotid body tumors and the additional choice of intraoperative shunt in complicated tumors. Ann Vasc Surg. 2012;26:511–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Urquhart AC, Johnson JT, Myers EN, et al. Glomus vagale: paraganglioma of the vagus nerve. Laryngoscope. 1994;104: 440–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Miller RB, Boon MS, Atkins JP, et al. Vagal paraganglioma: the Jefferson experience. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;122: 482–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Thabet MH, Kotob H. Cervical paragangliomas: diagnosis, management and complications. J Laryngol Otol. 2001;115:467–74.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Guss ZD, Batra S, Limb CJ, et al. Radiosurgery of glomus jugulare tumors: a meta-analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;81:e497–502.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Carrasco V, Rosenman J. Radiation therapy of glomus jugulare tumors. Laryngoscope. 1993;103(11 Pt 2 Suppl 60):23–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Tanbouzi Husseini S, Piccirillo E, et al. Malignancy in vestibular schwannoma after stereotactic radiotherapy: a case report and review of the literature. Laryngoscope. 2011;121:923–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Mumber MP, Greven KM. Control of advanced chemodectomas of the head and neck with irradiation. Am J Clin Oncol. 1995;18:389–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Jordan JA, Roland PS, McManus C, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:35–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Al-Mefty O, Fox JL, Rifai A, et al. A combined infratemporal and posterior fossa approach for the removal of giant glomus tumors and chondrosarcomas. Surg Neurol. 1987;28:423–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Gardner G, Cocke Jr EW, Robertson JT, Trumbull ML, Palmer RE. Glomus jugulare tumours—combined treatment: part I. J Laryngol Otol. 1981;95:437–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Gardner G, Cocke Jr EW, Robertson JT, Trumbull ML, Palmer RE. Glomus jugulare tumours—combined treatment: part II. J Laryngol Otol. 1981;95:567–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Sanna M, Jain Y, De Donato G, et al. Management of jugular paragangliomas: the Gruppo Otologico experience. Otol Neurotol. 2004;25:797–804.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Sanna M, Shin SH, De Donato G, et al. Management of complex tympanojugular paragangliomas including endovascular intervention. Laryngoscope. 2011;121:1372–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Fisch U. Infratemporal fossa approach to tumours of the temporal bone and base of the skull. J Laryngol Otol. 1978;92:949–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Al-Mefty O, Teixeira A. Complex tumors of the glomus jugulare: criteria, treatment, and outcome. J Neurosurg. 2002;97:1356–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Jackson CG. Glomus tympanicum and glomus jugulare tumors. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2001;34:941–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Jenkins HA, Fisch U. Glomus tumors of the temporal region. Technique of surgical resection. Arch Otolaryngol. 1981;107: 209–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Leonetti JP, Brackmann DE, Prass RL. Improved preservation of facial nerve function in the infratemporal approach to the skull base. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1989;101:74–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Maniglia AJ, Sprecher RC, Megerian CA, et al. Inferior mastoidectomy—hypotympanic approach for surgical removal of glomus jugulare tumors: an anatomical and radiologic study emphasizing distances between critical structures. Laryngoscope. 1992;102: 407–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Pensak ML, Jackler RK. Removal of jugular foramen tumors: the fallopian bridge technique. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;117:586–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Brackman D, Kinney S, Fu K. Glomus tumor: diagnosis and management. Head Neck Surg. 1987;9:306–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Brackmann DE. The facial nerve in the infratemporal approach. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1987;97:15–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Jackson CG, McGrew BM, Forest JA, et al. Lateral skull base surgery for glomus tumors: long-term control. Otol Neurotol. 2001;22:377–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Watkins LD, Mendoza N, Cheesman AD, et al. Glomus jugulare tumours: a review of 61 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1994;130:66–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Gottfried ON, Liu JK, Couldwell WT. Comparison of radiosurgery and conventional surgery for the treatment of glomus jugulare tumors. Neurosurg Focus. 2004;17(2):E4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Spector GJ, Compagno J, Perez CA, et al. Glomus jugulare tumors: effects of radiotherapy. Cancer. 1975;35:1316–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Hawthorne MR, Makek MS, Harris JP, et al. The histopathological and clinical features of irradiated and nonirradiated temporal paragangliomas. Laryngoscope. 1988;98:325–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Varma A, Nathoo N, Neyman G, et al. Gamma knife radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors: volumetric analysis in 17 patients. Neurosurgery. 2006;59:1030–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Ganz JC, Abdelkarim K. Glomus jugulare tumours: certain clinical and radiological aspects observed following Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009;151:423–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Springate SC, Haraf D, Weichselbaum RR. Temporal bone chemodectomas—comparing surgery and radiation therapy. Oncology (Williston Park). 1991;5:131–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Cosetti M, Linstrom C, Alexiades G, et al. Glomus tumors in patients of advanced age: a conservative approach. Laryngoscope. 2008;118:270–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Gjuric M, Seidinger L, Wigand ME. Long-term results of surgery for temporal bone paraganglioma. Skull Base Surg. 1996;6: 147–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  115. Jackson CG, Haynes DS, Walker PA, et al. Hearing conservation in surgery for glomus jugulare tumors. Am J Otol. 1996;17: 425–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Gjuric M, Wigand ME, Weidenbecher M, et al. Function preserving surgery of glomus jugulare tumors. An achievable goal? HNO. 1997;45:983–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Künzel J, de Tristan J, Mantsopoulos K, et al. Experiences in the treatment of patients with multiple head and neck paragangliomas. Am J Otolaryngol. 2014;35:294–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Netterville JL, Reilly KM, Rovertson D, et al. Carotid body tumors. A review of 30 patients with 46 tumors. Laryngoscope. 1995;105:115–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Ali MJ, Orloff LA, Lustig LR, et al. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of first bite syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;139:742–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Lee BJ, Lee JC, Lee YO, et al. Novel treatment of first bite syndrome using botulinum toxin type A. Head Neck. 2009;31: 989–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Laccourreye O, Werner A, Garcia D, et al. First bite syndrome. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck. 2013;130:269–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Yang C, Zhuang Z, Fliedner SM, et al. Germ-line PHD1 and PHD2 mutations detected in patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma-polycythemia. J Mol Med (Berl). 2015;93(1):93–104.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße, 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany

    Julian Künzel MD

  2. Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Michael Hainz MD

  3. Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Heidi Rossmann MD

  4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

    Christoph Matthias MD

Authors
  1. Julian Künzel MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael Hainz MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Heidi Rossmann MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Christoph Matthias MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julian Künzel MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radio-Oncology, Genolier Swiss Medical Network, Genolier, Switzerland

    Jacques Bernier

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Künzel, J., Hainz, M., Rossmann, H., Matthias, C. (2016). Head and Neck Paragangliomas. In: Bernier, J. (eds) Head and Neck Cancer. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27601-4_41

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27601-4_41

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-27599-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-27601-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation