Skip to main content

The Participatory Place Branding Process for Tourism: Linking Visitors and Residents Through the City Brand

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Tourism in the City

Abstract

This chapter contributes towards a holistic understanding of city brand formation centring on the goal of harmonising residents’ views and internal perspectives of the city with urban tourism goals and externally oriented branding efforts. The main premise is that in order to capture the ways in which place brands actually operate and form, it is necessary to capture and enable negotiations of meaning and change. This is particularly the case in the contemporary tourism environment with its emphasis on interactive and co-created destination brands. The chapter’s main proposition is the participatory place branding process, which incorporates a novel understanding of the formation of the place brand and how this might be influenced by destinations. The interrelated stages of this process are suggested as a valuable tool in destination branding efforts to develop co-created destination brands that incorporate external and internal meanings of the locality while addressing market challenges.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anholt S (2007) Competitive identity, the new brand management for countries, regions and cities. Palgrave-McMillan, Basingstoke

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashworth GJ, Kavaratzis M (2009) Beyond the logo: brand management for cities. J Brand Manage 16(8):520–531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bailly AS (1994) Urban representations: the imaginary in the service of the economy. In: Ave G, Corsico F (eds) Marketing Urbano international conference. Torino Incontra, Turin

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett R, Savani S (2003) The rebranding of city places: an international comparative investigation. Int Public Manage Rev 4(2):70–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Blain C, Levy SE, Ritchie JB (2005) Destination branding: insights and practices from destination management organizations. J Travel Res 43(4):328–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boswijk A, Thijssen JPT, Peelen E (2005) A new perspective on the experience economy: meaningful experiences. Pearson Education, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun E (2012) Putting city branding into practice. J Brand Manage 19(2):257–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun E, Kavaratzis M, Zenker S (2013) My city—my brand: the role of residents in place branding. J Place Manage Dev 6(1):18–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cai L (2002) Cooperative branding for rural destinations. Ann Tour Res 29(3):720–742

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campelo A, Aitken R, Thyne M, Gnoth J (2014) Sense of place: the importance for destination branding. J Travel Res 53(2):154–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke J (2000) Tourism brands: an exploratory study of the brands box model. J Vacat Mark 6(4):329–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creswell T (2004) Place: a short introduction. Blackwell, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Economist (2014) Bad hotel reviews, 5 Aug 2014. http://www.economist.com/blogs/gulliver/2014/08/bad-hotel-reviews

  • Elwood M (2015) The Yelp effect and why we love to leave online reviews. Conde Nast Traveller, 25 Oct 2015. http://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2015-10-29/the-yelp-effect-why-we-love-to-leave-online-reviews

  • Gartner W (2014) Brand equity in a tourism destination. Place Brand Public Dipl 10(2):108–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Govers R (2013) Why place branding is not about logos and slogans. Place Brand Public Dipl 9(20):71–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Govers R, Go F (2009) Place branding: virtual and physical identities, glocal, imagined and experienced. Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Goytia Prat A, de la Rica AM (2012) Personal experience tourism: a postmodern understanding. In: Sharpley R, Stone PR (eds) Contemporary tourist experience. Routledge, Oxon

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory A (2007) Involving stakeholders in developing corporate brands: the communication dimension. J Mark Manage 23(1/2):59–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hankinson G (2004) Relational network brands: towards a conceptual model of place brands. J Vacat Mark 10(2):109–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hankinson G (2010) Place branding theory: a cross- domain literature review from a marketing perspective. In: Ashworth GJ, Kavaratzis M (eds) Towards effective place brand management. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp 15–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatch MJ, Schultz M (2002) The dynamics of organisational identity. Hum Relat 55(8):989–1018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hatch MJ, Schultz M (2010) Toward a theory of brand co-creation with implications for brand governance. J Brand Manage 17(8):590–604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hjortegraad-Hansen R (2010) The narrative nature of place branding. Place Brand Pubic Dipl 6(3):268–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houghton JP, Stevens A (2010) City branding and stakeholder engagement. In: Dinnie K (ed) City branding: theory and cases. Palgrave-McMillan, Basingstoke, pp 45–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard P, Hall T (1998) The entrepreneurial city and the new urban politics. In: Hall T, Hubbard P (eds) The entrepreneurial city: geographies of politics, regime and representation. Wiley, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingold T (2011) Being Alive: essays on movement, knowledge and experience. Routledge, Oxon

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalandides A (2011) The problem with spatial identity: revisiting the ‘sense of place’. J Place Manage Dev 4(1):28–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kavaratzis M (2004) From city marketing to city branding: towards a theoretical framework for developing city brands. Place Brand Public Dipl 1(1):58–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kavaratzis M, Hatch MJ (2013) The dynamics of place brands: an identity-based approach to place branding theory. Mark Theory 13(2):69–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kavaratzis M, Kalandides A (2015) Rethinking the place brand: the interactive formation of place brands and the role of participatory place branding. Environ Plan A 47(6):1368–1382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kornberger M (2010) Brand society: how brands transform management and lifestyle. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre H (1991) The production of space. Blackwell, Malden

    Google Scholar 

  • Massey D (1994) A global sense of place. In: Massey D (ed) Space, place and gender. Polity Press, Cambridge, pp 146–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayes R (2008) A place in the sun: the politics of place, identity and branding. Place Brand Public Dipl 4(2):124–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mommaas H (2002) City branding: the necessity of socio-cultural goals. In: Hauben T, Vermeulen M, Patteeuw V (eds) City branding: image building and building images. NAI Uitgevers, Rotterdam, pp 34–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan N, Pritchard A, Pride R (2002) Destination branding: creating the unique destination proposition. Butterworth-Heinemann, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Munar AM (2011) Tourist created content: rethinking destination branding. Int J Cult Tour Hosp Res 5(3):291–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira E, Panyik E (2015) Content, context and co-creation: digital challenges in destination branding with references to Portugal as a tourist destination. J Vacat Mark 21(1):53–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papadopoulos N (2004) Place branding: evolution, meaning and implications. Place Brand 1(1):36–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papadopoulos N, Heslop L (2002) Country equity and country branding: problems and prospects. J Brand Manage 9(4):294–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pasquinelli C (2014) Branding as urban collective strategy-making: the formation of Newcastle Gateshead’s organisational identity. Urban Stud 51(4):727–743

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qu H, Kim LH, Im H (2011) A model of destination branding: integrating the concepts of the branding and destination image. Tour Manag 32(3):465–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ren C, Blichfeldt BS (2011) One clear image? Challenging simplicity in place branding. Scand J Hosp Tour 11(4):416–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie BR, Ritchie RJB (1998) The branding of tourism destination: past achievements and future trends in destination marketing—scope and limitations, Report of 48th Congress. AIEST, St‐Gall, pp 89–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Saraniemi S, Kylänen M (2011) Problematizing the concept of tourism destination: an analysis of different theoretical approaches. J Travel Res 50(2):133–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sevin E (2013) Places going viral: Twitter usage patterns in destination marketing and place branding. J Place Manage Dev 6(3):227–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner M (2015) The impact of home sharing on cities. Cities Today 2015:19–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ham P (2008) Place branding: the state of the art. Ann Am Acad Polit Soc Sci 61(1):126–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward SV (1998) Selling places: the marketing and promotion of towns and cities 1850–2000. E&FN Spon, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Warnaby G (2009) Towards a service-dominant place marketing logic. Mark Theory 9(4):403–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mihalis Kavaratzis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kavaratzis, M. (2017). The Participatory Place Branding Process for Tourism: Linking Visitors and Residents Through the City Brand. In: Bellini, N., Pasquinelli, C. (eds) Tourism in the City . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26877-4_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics