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Near-Field Thermal Radiation

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Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering

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Abstract

Near-field, or nanoscale, thermal radiation is a regime arising when at least one characteristic length of the problem, namely, the size of the bodies and/or their separation distance, is comparable to or smaller than the wavelength. The goal of this chapter is to provide the basic information necessary to understand and analyze near-field thermal radiation problems. The fluctuational electrodynamics framework, consisting of Maxwell’s equations augmented by fluctuating current sources representing thermal emission, is reviewed. Equations for the energy density and radiative heat flux expressed in terms of the temperature of a heat source are derived. The different electromagnetic modes emitted by a heat source, namely, propagating modes, evanescent modes generated by total internal reflection, and surface polaritons, are explained. Thermal emission in the near field of a heat source and far-field emission by a subwavelength heat source are discussed. Finally, radiative heat transfer exceeding the blackbody limit between two bulk materials is reviewed, and a general approach for predicting near-field radiative heat transfer in complex three-dimensional geometries, called the thermal discrete dipole approximation, is introduced. At the end of each section, references discussing advanced and specialized topics in near-field thermal radiation are listed.

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Acknowledgments

The author acknowledges the financial support of the National Science Foundation (Grants No. CBET 1253577 and CBET 1605584) and the US Army Research Office (Grant No. W911NF-14-1-0210).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiative Energy Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Mathieu Francoeur

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  1. Mathieu Francoeur
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  1. Armour College of Engineering, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Sumanta Acharya

  2. Gas Technology Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA

    Yaroslav Chudnovsky

  3. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Renato Machado Cotta

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

    Ram Devireddy

  5. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Vijay K. Dhir

  6. Cekmeköy Campus, Özyegin University, Çekmeköy - Istanbul, Turkey

    M. Pinar Mengüç

  7. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science + Engineering, University of Toronto, Centre for Advanced Coating Technologies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Javad Mostaghimi

  8. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California, USA

    Kambiz Vafai

  9. Çekmeköy Campus, Özyeğin University, Çekmeköy - Istanbul, Turkey

    Pinar Mengüç

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Francoeur, M. (2018). Near-Field Thermal Radiation. In: Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26695-4_63

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