Abstract
Polymer electrolytes, especially inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles incorporated solid polymer electrolytes, are an important breakthrough in modern energy storage technologies. In particular, they represent a significant step toward the development of high-energy density batteries and supercapacitors with an improved safety. The modern portable electronics markets not only seek high energy and power but also require miniaturization with desired shapes. Polymer electrolytes with adequate ion mobility and conductivity have attracted intensive research interests due to their versatility, reliability, safety, and easy handling over the conventional organic liquid electrolytes. This review addresses some of the key performance characteristics that could yield superior electrolytes for high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wright PV (1975) Electrical conductivity in ionic complexes of poly (ethylene oxide). Br Polym J 7:319–327
Armand MB, Chabagno JM, Duclot M (1978) In: Second international meeting on solid electrolytes. St. Andrews, Scotland
Bruce DW, O’Hare D, Walton RI (2011) Energy materials. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK
MacCallum JR, Vincent CA (1987) Polymer electrolytes reviews-I. Elsevier, London
Gray FM (1991) Solid polymer electrolytes: fundamentals and technological applications. VCH, New York
Berthier C, Gorecki W, Minier M, Armand MB, Chabagno JM, Rigaud P (1983) Microscopic investigation of ionic conductivity in alkali metal salts-poly(ethylene oxide) adducts. Solid State Ion 11:91–95
Shriver DF, Farrington GC (1985) Solid ionic conductors. Chem Eng News 63:42–44
Frech R, Huang W (1994) Polymer conformation and ionic association in complexes of lithium, sodium and potassium triflate with poly (ethylene oxide) oligomer. Solid State Ion 72:103–108
Abraham KM, Alamgir M (1990) Li + −conductive solid polymer electrolytes with liquid‐Like conductivity. J Eletrochem Soc 137:1657–1658
Capuano F, Croce F, Scrosati B (1991) Composite polymer electrolytes. J Eletrochem Soc 138:1918–1922
Quartarone E, Mustarelli P, Magistris A (1998) PEO-based composite polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ion 110:1–14
Armand M, Tarascon JM (2008) Building better batteries. Nature 451:652–657
Croce F, Appetecchi GB, Persi L, Scrosati B (1998) Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries. Nature 394:456–458
Best AS, Adebahr J, Jacobsson P, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M (2001) Microscopic interactions in nanocomposite electrolytes. Macromolecules 34:4549–4555
Castro WA, Zapata VH, Vargas RA, Mellander B-E (2007) Electrical conductivity relaxation in PVOH-LiClO4-Al2O3. Electrochim Acta 53:1422–1426
Jayathilaka PARD, Dissanayake MAKL, Albinsson I, Mellander B-E (2002) Effect of nano-porous Al2O3 on thermal, dielectric and transport properties of the (PEO)9 LiTFSI polymer electrolyte system. Electrochim Acta 47:3257–3268
Das SK, Bhattacharyya AJ (2009) Oxide particle surface chemistry and ion transport in Soggy sand electrolytes. J Phys Chem C 113:6699–7705
Money BK, Hariharan K, Swenson J (2012) Glass transition and relaxation processes of nanocomposite polymer electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 116:7762–7770
Do NST, Schaetzl DM, Dey B, Seabaugh AC, Fullerton-Shirey S (2012) Influence of Fe2O3 nanofiller shape on the conductivity and thermal properties of solid polymer electrolytes: nanorods versus nanospheres. J Phys Chem C 116:21216–21223
Croce F, Persi L, Scrosati B, Serraino-Fiory F, Plichta E, Hendrickson MA (2001) Role of the ceramic fillers in enhancing the transport properties of composite polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 46:2457–2461
Manuel Stephan A, Nahm KS (2006) Review on composite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries. Polymer 47:5952–5964
Kumar B, Scanlon LG (1994) Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes. J Power Sources 52:261–268
Wieczorek W, Florjanczyk Z, Stevens JR (1995) Composite polyether based solid electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 40:2251–2258
Grams 8 software (1994) Galactic Industries Crop
Bernson A, Lindgren J (1993) Free ions and ion pairing/clustering in the system LiCF3SO3 -PPOn. Solid State Ion 60:37–41
Bernson A, Lindgren J (1993) Ion aggregation and morphology for poly (ethylene oxide)-based polymer electrolytes containing rare earth metal salts. Solid State Ion 60:31–36
Suthanthiraraj SA, Kumar R, Paul BJ (2010) Vibrational spectroscopic and electrochemical characteristic of poly (propylene glycol)–silver triflate polymer electrolyte system. Ionics 16:145–151
Kumar R, Suthanthiraraj SA (2014) Ion dynamics and segmental relaxation of CeO2 nanoparticles loaded soft-matter like gel polymer electrolyte. J Non-Cryst Solids 405:76–82
Bruce PG, Hardgrave MT, Vincent CA (1992) The determination of transference numbers in solid polymer electrolytes using the Hittorf method. Solid State Ion 53-56:1087–1094
Evans J, Vincent CA, Bruce PG (1987) Electrochemical measurement of transference numbers in polymer electrolytes. Polymer 28:2324–2328
Watanabe M, Nagano S, Sanui K, Ogata N (1988) Estimation of Li + transport number in polymer electrolytes by the combination of complex impedance and potentiostatic polarization measurements. Solid State Ion 28–30:911–917
Chung SH, Wang Y, Persi L (2001) Enhancement of ion transport in polymer electrolytes by addition of nanoscale inorganic oxides. J Power Sources 97–98:644–648
Chen HW, Chang FC (2001) The novel polymer electrolyte nanocomposite composed of poly(ethylene oxide), lithium triflate and mineral clay. Polymer 42:9763–9769
Wieczorek W, Raducha D, Zalewska A, Stevens JR (1998) Effect of salt concentration on the conductivity of PEO-based composite polymeric electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 102:8725–8731
Kumar R, Suthanthiraraj SA (2014) Segmental mobility and relaxation processes of Fe2O3 nanoparticle-loaded fast ionic transport nanocomposite gel polymer electrolyte. J Solid State Electrochem 18:1647–1656
Mao G, Perea RF, Howells WS, Price DL, Saboungi ML (2000) Relaxation in polymer electrolytes on the nanosecond timescale. Nature 35:415–419
Shirey SKF, Maranas JK (2009) Effect of LiClO4 on the structure and mobility of PEO-based solid polymer electrolytes. Macromolecules 42:2142–2156
Gray FM (1997) Polymer electrolytes. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK
Armand B, Chabagno JM, Duclot MJ (1979) Fast ion transport in solids. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Vogel H (1921) The law of the relation between the viscosity of liquids and the temperature. Phys Z 22:645–646
Tammann G, Hesse W (1926) Die abhängigkeit der viscosität von der temperatur bie unterkühlten flüssigkeiten. Z anorg allg Chem 156:245–257
Fulcher GS (1925) Analysis of recent measurements of the viscosity of glasses. J Am Ceram Soc 8:339–355
Olsen II, Koksbang R (1996) A temperature study of the ionic conductivity of a hybrid polymer electrolyte. J Electrochem Soc 143:570–574
Shi J, Puhu C, Chen R, Ying SK (1990) Recent advances in fast Ion conducting materials and devices. World Scientific, Singapore, p 267
Zahurak S, Kaplan M, Rietman E, Murphy D, Cava R (1988) Phase relationships and conductivity of the polymer electrolytes poly (ethylene oxide)/lithium tetrafluoroborate and poly (ethylene oxide)/lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate. Macromolecules 21:654–660
Cohen MH, Turnbull D (1959) Molecular transport in liquids and glasses. J Chem Phys 31(5):1164–1169
Watanabe M, Itoh MS, Sanui K, Ogata N (1987) Carrier transport and generation processes in polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) networks. Macromolecules 20:569–573
Croce F, Curini R, Martinelli A (1999) Physical and chemical properties of nanocomposite polymer electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 103:10632–10638
Sun H, Takeda Y, Imanishi N, Yamamoto O, Sohn H (2000) Ferroelectric materials as a ceramic filler in solid composite polyethylene Oxide‐Based electrolytes. J Electrochem Soc 147:2462–2467
Tominaga Y, Asai S, Sumita M, Panero S, Scrosati B (2005) A novel composite polymer electrolyte: effect of mesoporous SiO2 on ionic conduction in poly (ethylene oxide)–LiCF3SO3 complex. J Power Sources 146:402–406
Dissanayake M, Jayathilaka P, Bokalawala R, Albinsson I, Mellander B (2003) Effect of concentration and grain size of alumina filler on the ionic conductivity enhancement of the (PEO)9 LiCF3SO3: Al2O3 composite polymer electrolyte. J Power Sources 119:409–414
Xiong H, Zhao X, Chen J (2001) New polymer-inorganic nanocomposites: PEO-ZnO and PEO–ZnO–LiClO4 films. J Phys Chem B 105:10169–10174
Sun H, Sohn H, Yamamoto O, Takeda Y, Imanishi N (1999) Enhanced lithium‐ion transport in PEO‐based composite polymer electrolytes with ferroelectric BaTiO3. J Electrochem Soc 146:1672–1676
Appetecchi G, Scaccia S, Passerini S (2000) Investigation on the stability of the lithium‐polymer electrolyte interface. J Electrochem Soc 147:4448–4452
Appetecchi GB, Croce F, Persi L, Ronci F, Scrosati B (2000) Transport and interfacial properties of composite polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 45:1481–1490
Fan J, Fedkiw PS (1997) Composite electrolytes prepared from fumed silica, polyethylene oxide oligomers, and lithium salts. J Electrochem Soc 144:399–408
Scrosati B, Croce F, Persi L (2000) Impedance spectroscopy study of PEO‐based nanocomposite polymer electrolytes. J Electrochem Soc 147:1718–1721
Kumar J, Rodrigues SJ, Kumar B (2010) Interface-mediated electrochemical effects in lithium/polymer-ceramic cells. J Power Sources 195:327–334
Kumar B, Scanlon LG (1999) Polymer–ceramic composite electrolytes: conductivity and thermal history effects. Solid State Ion 124:239–254
Kumar B, Scanlon LG, Spry RJ (2001) On the origin of conductivity enhancement in polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes. J Power Sources 96:337–342
Krawiec W, Scanlon LG, Fellner JP, Vaia RA, Vasudevan S, Giannelis EP (1995) Polymer nanocomposites: a new strategy for synthesizing solid electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries. J Power Sources 54:310–315
Choi B, Shin K (1996) Effects of SiC fillers on the electrical and mechanical properties of (PEO)16 LiClO4 electrolytes. Solid State Ion 86:303–306
Nairn K, Forsyth M, Every H, Greville M, MacFarlane D (1996) Polymer-ceramic ion-conducting composites. Solid State Ion 86:589–593
Wieczorek W, Stevens JR, Florjanczyk Z (1996) Composite polyether based solid electrolytes. The Lewis acid–base approach. Solid State Ion 85:67–72
Golodnitsky D, Ardel G, Peled E (1996) Effect of plasticizers on the CPE conductivity and on the Li-CPE interface. Solid State Ion 85:231–238
Peled E, Golodnitsky D, Ardel G, Eshkenazy V (1995) The sei model—application to lithium-polymer electrolyte batteries. Electrochim Acta 40:2197–2204
Slane S, Salomon M (1995) Composite gel electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries. J Power Sources 55:7–10
Hu XL, Hou GM, Zhang MQ, Rong MZ, Ruan WH, Giannelis EP (2012) A new nanocomposite polymer electrolyte based on poly(vinyl alcohol) incorporating hypergrafted nano-silica. J Mater Chem 22:18961–18967
Kelley J, Simonsen J, Ding J (2013) Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) nanocomposites incorporating cellulose nanocrystals with potential applications in lithium ion batteries. J Appl Polym Sci 127:487–493
Patil SU, Yawale SS, Yawale SP (2014) Conductivity study of PEO–LiClO4 polymer electrolyte doped with ZnO nanocomposite ceramic filler. Bull Mater Sci 37:1403–1409
Padmaraja O, Rao BN, Jena P, Venkateswarlu M, Satyanarayanaa N (2014) Electrochemical studies of electrospun organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite fibrous polymer electrolyte for lithium battery. Polymer 55:1136–1142
Bertasia F, Negro E, Vezzùc K, Nawna G, Pagota G, Noto VD (2015) Single-ion-conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries based on lithiated-fluorinated-iron oxide and poly(ethylene glycol) 400. Electrochim Acta 175:113–123. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.149
Liu W, Liu N, Sun J, Hsu PS, Li Y, Lee WH, Cui Y (2015) Ionic conductivity enhancement of polymer electrolytes with ceramic nanowire fillers. Nano Lett 15:2740–2745
Reale P, Panero S, Scrosati B (2005) Sustainable high-voltage lithium ion polymer batteries. J Electrochem Soc 152(10):A1949–A1954
Qina B, Liua Z, Dinga G, Duana Y, Zhanga C, Cui Z (2014) A single-ion gel polymer electrolyte system for improving cycle performance of LiMn2O4 battery at elevated temperatures. Electrochim Acta 141:167–172
Hassoun J, Panero S, Reale P, Scrosati B (2009) A new, safe, high-rate and high-energy polymer lithium –ion battery. Adv Mater 21:4807–4810
Zhu Z, Hong M, Guo D, Shi J, Tao Z, Chen J (2014) All-solid-state lithium organic battery with composite polymer electrolyte and Pillar[5]quinone cathode. J Am Chem Soc 136:16461–16464
Zhang LL, Zhao X (2009) Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes. Chem Soc Rev 38:2520–2531
Chmiola J, Yushin G, Gogotsi Y, Portet C, Simon P, Taberna PL (2006) Anomalous increase in carbon capacitance at pore sizes less than 1 nanometer. Science 313:1760–1763
Zhai Y, Dou Y, Zhao D, Fulvio PF, Mayes RT, Dai S (2011) Carbon materials for chemical capacitive energy storage. Adv Mater 23:4828–4850
Wang G, Zhang L, Zhang J (2012) A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors. Chem Soc Rev 41:797–828
Kötz R, Carlen M (2000) Principles and applications of electrochemical capacitors. Electrochim Acta 45:2483–2498
Panero S, Clemente A, Spila E (1996) Solid state supercapacitors using gel membranes as electrolytes. Solid State Ion 86:1285–1289
Osaka T, Liu X, Nojima M, Momma T (1999) An electrochemical double layer capacitor using an activated carbon electrode with gel electrolyte binder. J Electrochem Soc 146:1724–1729
Latham RJ, Rowlands SE, Schlindwein WS (2002) Supercapacitors using polymer electrolytes based on poly (urethane). Solid State Ion 147:243–248
Acknowledgments
We thank Prof KI Ozoemena (CSIR, South Africa) for the insightful comments and discussions on this book chapter.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Raju, K., Suthanthiraraj, S.A. (2016). Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes in Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems. In: Ozoemena, K., Chen, S. (eds) Nanomaterials in Advanced Batteries and Supercapacitors. Nanostructure Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26082-2_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26082-2_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-26080-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-26082-2
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)