Abstract
Without any doubts it could be stated that among the other types of polymeric materials only polyolefins are processed into such amount of products: blown packaging and agriculture films; extruded hygienic foils, building and car industry sheets and foams, pressure pipes, wires and cables insulation; blown moulded containers, tanks, detergent bottles or car defrost air systems; injection moulded consumer (end use) products; melt blown non-woven fabrics; coated and laminated paper or its substitution. Easiness of polyolefins processing connected with relative high melt stability and low processing temperature, possibility to modify properties of final products via molecular tailoring—copolymerization, alloying, grafting, crosslinking and high recycling potential guarantee further successful future for polyolefins for a wide range of applications. Deeper discussion of selected individual continuous processes and processing aspects is presented in this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
G.W. Ehrenstein, Polymeric Materials: Structure-Properties-Applications (Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, 2001)
http://www.lyondellbasell.com/Products/ByCategory/polymers/type/Polyethylene/PolyolefinPowders
US 20120172534 A1, Powdered thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer composition for slush molding processes
WO 2005123822 A1, Process for the production of stabilised filled polyolefins
T.A. Osswald, G. Menges, Materials Science of Polymers for Engineers (Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, 2003)
http://www.kraussmaffeiberstorff.com/media/files/kmdownloadlocal/en/EXT_BR_Conical_Profile_en.pdf
http://www.milacron.com/plastics/sites/default/files/product-files/Extrusion Brochure_FINAL.pdf
US 3749375 A, Process for mixing, kneading and granulating thermosetting plastic material in continuous operation
WO 2012113086 A1,Mixing and kneading machine for continuous conditioning processes and method for conditioning metals
http://www.coperion.com/en/compounding-extrusion/machines-systems/pelletizers/strand-pelletizer
http://www.imeco.org/industry-solutions/chemicals/plastic-granules
R.F. Dray, How to compare barrier screws. Plast. Technol. (2002)
J. A. Colbert, Scale up of Extruders, Practicalities and Pitfalls. Screws For Polymer Processing II, A One-Day Seminar (Rapra Technology Limited, Shawbury, 1998)
S.T. Lee, C.B. Park, Foam Extrusion: Principles and Practise, 2nd edn. (CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2014)
R. Knittel, Get rid of wrinkles in blown film. Plast. Technol. (2007)
P. Waller, A Practical guide to Blown Film Troubleshooting (Plastics Touchpoint Group Inc., Ontario, 2012)
M.K. Atesmen, Everyday heat transfer problems: sensitivities to governing variables (2009)
J. Frankland, How fillers impact extrusion processing. Plast. Technol. (2011)
J. Aho, Rheological characterization of polymer melts in shear and extension: measurement reliability and data for practical processing. Ph.D. thesis, Tampere University of Technology, Finland, 2011
http://www.autodesk.com/products/simulation-moldflow/overview
http://www.scconsultants.com/en/ludovic-twin-screw-simulation-software.html
R. Gendron, L.L. Daigneault, M. Dumoulin, J. Dufour, On-line rheology control for the peroxide degradation of polypropylene. Int. Plast. Eng. Technol. 2, 55–75 (1996)
http://www.gneuss.de/index.php?lang=en&m=2&processing=online-viskosimeter
E. Riande, R. Diaz-Calleja, M.G. Prolongo, R.M. Masegosa, C. Salom, Polymer Viscoelasticity: Stress and Strain in Practise (Marcel Dekker, Basel, 2000)
J.M. Dealy, R.G. Larson, Structure and Rheology of Molten Polymers: From Structure to Flow Behavior and Back Again (Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, 2006)
T. Sedlacek, T.M. Zatloukal, M.P. Filip, P.A. Boldizar, P. Saha, On the effect of pressure on the shear and elongational viscosities of polymer melts. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44, 1328–1337 (2004)
H. Munstedt, New universal extensional rheometer for polymer melts. Measurements on a polystyrene sample. J. Rheol. 23, 421–436 (1979)
J. Meissner, J. Hostettler, A new elongational rheometer for polymer melts and other highly viscoelastic liquids. Rheol. Acta 33, 1–21 (1994)
C.W. Macosko, J.M. Lorntson, The rheology of two blow molding polyethylenes. SPE Tech. Pap. 19(197), 461–467
S.Z. Gebrehiwot, Manufacturing and rheological analysis of spiral flow test piece. Degree Thesis, ARCADA, 2014
Plastics—the Facts 2013, An analysis of european plastics production, demand and waste data for 2012, Plastics Europe—Association of Plastics Manufactures (2013)
ASTM D883-12, Standard terminology relating to plastics
J.R. Wagner, E.M. Mount III, H.F. Giles Jr., Extrusion (Second Edition): The Definitive Processing Guide and Handbook (Plastics Design Library, William Andrew, Elsevier, 2014)
How to Solve Blown Film Problems, (Lyondell Chemical Company, Cincinnati Technology Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 2013)
M. Chanda, S.K. Roy., Plastics Technology Handbook, 4th edn. (CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Florida, 2007)
US4201532 A, Extrusion dies of spiral mandrel type
Polyethylene Film Processing Guide: Quality, Value and Performance, (Formosa Plastics Corporation, Livingston, NJ, USA, 2014)
J.A. Brydson, Plastics Materials (Elsevier, 2013)
J.H. Schut, MDO Films: lots of promise, big challenges. Plast. Technol. (2005)
US 5674607 A, Double bubble process for making strong, thin films
EP 1476294 B1, Polypropylene biaxially oriented film
A. Christie, Flat Die Extrusion Cast Film (Coating & Laminating, Tappi, 2009)
Fundamentals of cast film extrusion technology. Macro White Papers, http://www.macroeng.com/fundamentals-of-cast-film-extrusion-technology.php
Ch. Rauwendaal, Polymer Mixing: A Self-Study Guide (Hanser Publishers, Munich, 1998)
Feedscrews, Davis-Standard Corporation. Pawcatuck, CT, 1997
Plasticating Components Technology. Spirex Corporation, Youngstown, OH, 1977
J.R. Wagner, Jr., Multilayer Flexible Packaging: Technology and Applications for the Food, Personal Care, and Over-the-Counter Pharmaceutical Industries (William Andrew, 2009)
C. Maier, T. Calafut, Polypropylene: The Definitive User’s Guide and Databook (Taylor & Francis, 2008)
Polypropylene Processing Guide, (INEOS Olefins & Polymers USA, Technical Center, LaPorte, TX, USA, 2007)
I.M. Ward, Structure and Properties of Oriented Polymers (Springer Science & Business Media, 2012)
W.J. Sipe, Polymer extrusion cooling for the 21st century. Novatec White Paper (2002)
A.N. Wilkinson, A.J. Ryan, Polymer Processing and Structure Development (Springer Science & Business Media, 1998)
US 6485282 B2, Device for the extrusion of plastic profiles
D. Cykana, How to size & calibrate profile parts. Plast. Technol. (2011)
Z. Tadmor, C.G. Gogos, Principles of Polymer Processing (Wiley, 2013)
High-density polyethylene pipe systems: meeting the challenges of the 21th century. Plastics Pipe Institutes, www.plasticpipe.org
S. Joseph, How Do Bimodal Polyethylene Resins Provide Improved Pipe Properties (Lyondell, 2005)
L. Hojer, N. Jansen, J. Oderkerk, T. Venator, Copolymerized silane PEX technology a new innovation for production PEX pipes (Borealis0
Organic Peroxides for PEX—A Pipe and Tubes, AkzoNobel
P. Mapleston, It’s one hot market for profile extruders. Modern Plastics 78, 49–52 (2001)
J. Patterson, New opportunities with wood-flour-foamed PVC. J. Vinyl Add. Tech. 7, 138–141 (2001)
A.A. Klyosov, Wood-Plastic Composite (Wiley-Interscience, 2007)
M.W. Chastagner, Slit die rheology of HDPE and ABS based wood plastic composites. M.Sc. thesis, Washington State University, 2005
D. Eaves, Handbook of Polymer Foams (iSmithers Rapra Publishing, 2004)
US 3321413 A, Activated azodicarbonamide blowing agent compositions
N.M. Mills, Polyolefin Foams, vol. 14 (Smithers Rapra Publishing, 2003)
US 6284810 B1, Method and apparatus for microcellular polymer extrusion
US 7045556 B2, Polyolefin foams made with isopentane-based blowing agents
G. Li, F. Gunkel, J. Wang, C. B. Park, V. Altstädt, Solubility measurements of N2 and CO2 in polypropylene and ethene/octene copolymer. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 103, 5–13 (2007)
S.T. Lee, N.S. Ramesh, Polymeric Foams, Mechanism and Materials (CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2004)
J.M. Dealy, J. Wang, Melt Rheology and its Applications in the Plastics Industry, 2nd edn. (Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht, 2013)
W. Michaeli, Extrusion Dies for Plastics and Rubber, vol. 52 (Hanser, 2003)
US 3644230 A, Extrusion process for polyolefin foam
US 4640933 A, Expandable polyolefin compositions and preparation process utilizing isobutane blowing agent
WO 2000027905 A2, Polyolefin/ionomer extruded foam blend
J. Furukawa, Physical Chemistry of Polymer Rheology (Springer, Heidelberg, 2003)
I.M. Hutten, Handbook of Nonwoven Filter Media (Elsevier, 2007)
M. Lewin, J. Preston, Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: High Technology Fibers, vol. 3 (CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 1996)
C. Vasile, Handbook of Polyolefins, 2nd edn., Revised and Expanded (CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2000)
M. Lewin, Handbook of Fiber Chemistry, 3rd edn. (CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sedláček, T. (2016). Processing Techniques for Polyolefins. In: Al-Ali AlMa'adeed, M., Krupa, I. (eds) Polyolefin Compounds and Materials. Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25982-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25982-6_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25980-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-25982-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)