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Translational Control in the Germ Line

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Post-transcriptional Mechanisms in Endocrine Regulation

Abstract

Germ cells are unique cells with the essential function of transmitting geneticinformation to the progeny. They are highly specialized cells that maintain some ofthe properties of a pluripotent cell being able to reprogram to totipotency togenerate a zygote. Given these unique functions, they often use unusual strategies tocontrol their development. One such property is the extensive use of translationalcontrol to regulate gene expression during transcriptionally quiescent periods. Toaccomplish this, they have developed elaborate mechanisms of mRNA repression,transport, and translation that are highly conserved throughout evolution.Conserved families of RNA binding proteins mediate these regulations. In thischapter, we will review some of the components of these regulatory circuits. We willbriefly describe some of these components and their function during gametogenesisin model organisms. We will then review the mechanisms of regulation oftranslation during mammalian oogenesis and spermatogenesis and the RNA bindingproteins involved.

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Acknowledgments

The work from the authors’ laboratory was supported by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/NIH cooperative agreement P50HD055764-06, as part of the Specialized Cooperative Centers Program in Reproduction and Infertility Research and RO1-GM097165 to MC. FF is supported by FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF GA 624874 MateRNA. SJH is supported by a grant from Research year of Inje University in 20140022.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Marco Conti, João Pedro Sousa Martins & Federica Franciosi

  2. Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Marco Conti, João Pedro Sousa Martins & Federica Franciosi

  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Marco Conti, João Pedro Sousa Martins & Federica Franciosi

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea

    Seung Jin Han

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  1. Marco Conti
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  2. João Pedro Sousa Martins
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  3. Seung Jin Han
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  4. Federica Franciosi
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Correspondence to Marco Conti .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Biological Chemistry & Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    K.M.J. Menon, PhD

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Aaron Goldstrohm, PhD

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Conti, M., Martins, J.P.S., Han, S.J., Franciosi, F. (2016). Translational Control in the Germ Line. In: Menon, PhD, K., Goldstrohm, PhD, A. (eds) Post-transcriptional Mechanisms in Endocrine Regulation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25124-0_7

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