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Lifestyle Therapy as Medicine for the Treatment of Obesity

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Abstract

Obesity is a chronic disease of excess adiposity that affects approximately one-third of the adult population in the USA with a growing prevalence worldwide. Obesity has been one of the most challenging complex diseases because of the overwhelming influence of the obesogenic environment. Despite this challenging environment, lifestyle interventions for obesity can be successful at creating a negative energy balance, the cornerstone of obesity management. The methods of lifestyle therapy for obesity treatment can be individualized to target associated risk factors, enhance adherence to a treatment plan, and lead to sustained maintenance of weight loss. Using dietary modification, physical activity, and behavioral counseling, the practitioner can address the physiological and behavioral underpinnings that contribute to calorie imbalance and excess weight gain. This chapter reviews the components of effective and individualized lifestyle therapy strategies to prevent and treat obesity.

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Abbreviations

α-MSH:

Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

ARGP:

Agouti-related peptide

AEE:

Activity energy expenditure

BMI:

Body Mass Index

CMR:

Complete meal replacements

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DHEA:

Dehydroepiandrosterone

EOSS:

Edmonton Obesity Staging System

GERD:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

GLP-1:

Glucagon-like polypeptide-1

HIIT:

High-intensity interval training

LCTs:

Long-chain triglycerides

MCTs:

Medium-chain triglycerides

MI:

Motivational interviewing

MRs:

Meal replacements

NCEP:

National Cholesterol Education Program

NHANES:

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

NPY:

Neuropeptide Y

NTS:

Nucleus Tractus Solitaries

PMR:

Partial meal replacements

POMC:

Proopiomelanocortin

RCT:

Randomized controlled trial

REE:

Resting energy expenditure

T2D:

Type-2 diabetes

TEE:

Total energy expenditure

TEF:

Thermic effect of feeding

VAT:

Visceral adipose tissue

VLCD:

Very low-calorie diet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Assoc. Prof. Jamy D. Ard M.D.

  2. Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Assoc. Prof. Gary D. Miller Ph.D.

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    Jeffrey I. Mechanick MD

  2. Chicago, USA

    Robert F. Kushner MD

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Ard, J., Miller, G. (2016). Lifestyle Therapy as Medicine for the Treatment of Obesity. In: Mechanick, J., Kushner, R. (eds) Lifestyle Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24687-1_21

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