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Silvopastoral Systems in the Western Chaco Region, Argentina

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Silvopastoral Systems in Southern South America

Part of the book series: Advances in Agroforestry ((ADAG,volume 11))

Abstract

The Chaco region is a vast plain extending over northwestern Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. Over the years, the woody component has increased in all vegetation communities of the Chaco. This poses a major problem for grassland productivity because the woody plants compete for resources with grass, impact advanced tree regeneration, hamper livestock and personnel movements, and restrict accessibility for forage due to high stem density and thorns. These disadvantages far outweigh the advantages offered by such trees and shrubs in terms of providing shade, foliage and fruits, and improving soil conditions. To address this issue, a silvopastoral system called “Low intensity roller-chopping” (RBI) was tried, based on theoretical approaches and field research, in the western Chaco from 1990 to 2014. A distinctive feature of the system is that trees that are already present in the Chaco system are mechanically disturbed by properly adjusting the size of the tractor and the roller-chopper and regulating the frequency and severity of the number of passes over the standing vegetation. The operation is based on an appropriate soil and vegetation inventory of the area at a scale >1:50,000. By using RBI, the estimated improvement of stocking rate is 3–5 ha*animal units−1 (Animal unit (AU): forage of average quality consumed by a cow of 350 kg liveweight weaning one calf a year) when native species are considered, and if Panicum species are used there is average increase of 1–2 ha*AU−1. Effects on soil quality as assessed by soil organic matter (SOM); and soil nitrogen (N) magnitudes, tree regeneration, vegetation and bird diversity, and brush control were also studied. Results indicate that RBI is a promising approach to managing native vegetation of the Chaco in a sustainable manner.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Botanical nomenclature follows Catálogo de Plantas Vasculares de la República Argentina, Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, 2011 [www.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina].

  2. 2.

    Q-value is a constant associated to the BDq approach for managing forest structure and refers to the distribution of growing stock Large q values retain more trees than smaller (BC 2003).

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Acknowledgements

Funding for RBI research was provided by the following research projects:

INTA, Proyecto Integrado 1104081 Manejo sustentable de sistemas de bosque nativo, 2013–2016.

INTA, Regional Project Intensificación de la Producción de Carne Bovina en el NOA, 1996–2005.

Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica, Proyecto Interinstitucional con Transferencia Modificación de ecosistemas degradados para uso ganadero y caprino, 1998–1999.

Project 1126074 Manejo de la vegetación natural para fines ganaderos 2013–2016.

INTA, Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero PT 420108 Relevamiento y evaluación de la receptividad ganadera bovina de la vegetación natural de Santiago del Estero, 1991–1996.

INTA, Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero, Proyecto Ganadero Regional Intensificación de la Producción de Carne Bovina en el NOA, 1996–2005.

INTA, Programa Carne, Proyecto Específico PNCAR 1502 Incremento de la productividad primaria de pastizales, 2003–2009.

INTA, Programa Carne, Proyecto Específico PNCAR 1503 Interacción de los Pastizales con la Producción Animal, 2003–2009.

INTA, Programa Forestal, Proyecto Específico, PNFOR 4322: Instalación y Manejo del Componente Forestal en Sistemas Silvopastoriles, 2003–2009.

INTA, Programa Forestal, Proyecto Específico, PNFOR 4321 Interacciones Ecológicas en Sistemas Silvopastoriles, 2003–2009.

INTA – Unión Europea – Instituto Superior de Agronomía (Portugal). Proyecto Fire-Paradox 018505 ‘An innovative approach of integrated wildfire management problem by regulating the wise use of fire: solving the fire paradox’. European Union, 6th Framework.

Gobierno de la Pcia de Santiago del Estero, Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica: Proyecto de Investigación: Compatibilización de objetivos ganaderos y forestales en la recuperación de áreas con vegetación degradada. 2003–2007.

Secretaría de Agricultura, Pesca, Ganadería y Alimentación de la Nación, Proyecto PROINDER Adaptación y prueba de herramientas para recuperación de oferta de forraje en ecosistemas degradados de Sgo del Estero 2002–2004.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Santiago del Estero Experimental Station, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Jujuy 850, G4200CQR, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

    Carlos Kunst, Marcelo Navall, Roxana Ledesma, Darío Coria, Adriana Gómez, Andrés González, Pablo Tomsic & José Godoy

  2. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Av. Belgrano (S) 1239, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

    Juan Silberman, Analía Anríquez, Sandra Bravo & Ada Albanesi

  3. INTA, Soil Research Institute, National Center of Agriculture Research, Castelar, Argentina

    Daniel Grasso

  4. Escuela Superior de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    José A. Dominguez Nuñez

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  1. Carlos Kunst
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  2. Marcelo Navall
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  3. Roxana Ledesma
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  4. Juan Silberman
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  5. Analía Anríquez
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  6. Darío Coria
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  7. Sandra Bravo
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  8. Adriana Gómez
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  9. Ada Albanesi
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  10. Daniel Grasso
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  11. José A. Dominguez Nuñez
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  12. Andrés González
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  13. Pablo Tomsic
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  14. José Godoy
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carlos Kunst .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Univ Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Inst Natnl de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Río Gallegos, Argentina

    Pablo Luis Peri

  2. University of Concepción, Department of Silviculture, Concepción, VIII - Concepción, Chile

    Francis Dube

  3. EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil

    Alexandre Varella

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Kunst, C. et al. (2016). Silvopastoral Systems in the Western Chaco Region, Argentina. In: Peri, P., Dube, F., Varella, A. (eds) Silvopastoral Systems in Southern South America. Advances in Agroforestry, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24109-8_4

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