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Sex, Gender, and Asthma

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Gender, Sex Hormones and Respiratory Disease

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Abstract

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with a sexual dimorphism in prevalence that changes throughout life. As children, boys are more likely than girls to have asthma, but as adults women are more likely than men to have asthma. The prevalence of asthma in females increases around the age of menarche, suggesting a role for sex hormones in disease pathogenesis. In some women with asthma, increased symptoms are reported just prior to or during menstruation. Further, asthma symptoms during pregnancy and menopause also vary for women. In this chapter, we will discuss the findings from epidemiological, clinical, and molecular studies exploring the role of sex hormones and asthma. We will also discuss findings from animal models of asthma, focusing primarily on allergic asthma, and how these findings may be used to develop potential therapies or guide the personalized use of currently available asthma therapies.

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Abbreviations

AHR:

Airway hyperresponsiveness

AMΦ:

Alveolar macrophage

APCs:

Antigen-presenting cells

AR:

Androgen receptor

BAL:

Bronchoalveolar lavage

BMI:

Body mass index

DCs:

Dendritic cells

ER:

Estrogen receptor

FEV1 :

Forced exhaled volume in one second

HDM:

House dust mite

HRT:

Hormone replacement therapy

IgE:

Immunoglobulin E

IL:

Interleukin

ILC2s:

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells

ILC3s:

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells

KO:

Knockout

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

NK:

Natural killer cells

OVA:

Ovalbumin

PR:

Progesterone receptor

SARP:

Severe Asthma Research Panel

TSLP:

T helper (Th) thymic stromal lymphopoietin

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  1. Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1218 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA

    Dawn C. Newcomb PhD

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  1. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    Anna R. Hemnes

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Newcomb, D.C. (2016). Sex, Gender, and Asthma. In: Hemnes, A. (eds) Gender, Sex Hormones and Respiratory Disease. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23998-9_4

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