Skip to main content

Immunology

Serological Tests That Help Diagnose Kidney Diseases

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Understanding Kidney Diseases

Abstract

In this chapter we explain:

  • When immunology tests are most helpful

  • How diagnostic information is gained from measuring:

    • Immunoglobulins and free light chains

    • Anti-nuclear antibody

    • Complement components C3 and C4

    • Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)

    • Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody

    • Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Yatim KM, Lakkis FG. A brief journey through the immune system. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10(7):1274–81. doi:10.2215/CJN.10031014. http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/early/2015/04/06/CJN.10031014.full.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. J Maeda A, Gohda T, Funabiki K, Horikoshi S, Shirato I, Tomino Y. Significance of serum IgA levels and serum IgA/C3 ratio in diagnostic analysis of patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Lab Anal. 2003;17(3):73–6. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcla.10071/abstract;jsessionid=A271E49EC0DF8F1FF6196265F755FA83.f02t02.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ritchie J, Assi LK, Burmeister A, Hoefield R, Cockwell P, Kalra PA. Association of serum Ig free light chains with mortality and ESRD among patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10(5):740–9. doi:10.2215/CJN.09660914. http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/early/2015/03/30/CJN.09660914.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Leung N, Bridoux F, Hutchison CA, Nasr SH, Cockwell P, Fermand J-P, Dispenzieri A, Song KW, Kyle RA. Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: when MGUS is no longer undetermined or insignificant. Blood. 2012;120(22):4292–5. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-07-445304. http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/120/22/4292.long?sso-checked=true.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Howie AJ, Brewer DB, Howell D, Jones AP. Physical basis of colors seen in Congo red-stained amyloid in polarized light. Lab Invest. 2008;88(3):232–42. doi:10.1038/labinvest.3700714. Epub 2007 Dec 31. http://www.nature.com/labinvest/journal/v88/n3/full/3700714a.html.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hahn BH, McMahon MA, Wilkinson A, Wallace WD, Daikh DI, Fitzgerald JD, Karpouzas GA, Merrill JT, Wallace DJ, Yazdany J, Ramsey-Goldman R, Singh K, Khalighi M, Choi SI, Gogia M, Kafaja S, Kamgar M, Lau C, Martin WJ, Parikh S, Peng J, Rastogi A, Chen W, Grossman JM, American College of Rheumatology. American College of Rheumatology guidelines for screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(6):797–808. doi:10.1002/acr.21664. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437757/.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Fakhouri F, Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Noël LH, Cook HT, Pickering MC. C3 glomerulopathy: a new classification. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2010;6(8):494–9. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2010.85. http://www.nature.com/nrneph/journal/v6/n8/full/nrneph.2010.85.html.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Paixão-Cavalcante D, López-Trascasa M, Skattum L, Giclas PC, Goodship TH, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Truedsson L, Morgan BP, Harris CL. Sensitive and specific assays for C3 nephritic factors clarify mechanisms underlying complement dysregulation. Kidney Int. 2012;82:1084–92. doi:10.1038/ki.2012.250. http://www.nature.com/ki/journal/v82/n10/full/ki2012250a.html.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Musser JM. The current state of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19:1855–64. doi:10.1681/ASN.2008010092. http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/19/10/1855.full.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Jennette JC, Falk RJ. ANCAs are also antimonocyte cytoplasmic autoantibodies. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10(1):4–6. doi:10.2215/CJN.11501114. http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/10/1/4.short.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Schoenermarck U, Csernok E, Gross WL. Pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: challenges and solutions 2014. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015;30 Suppl 1:i46–52. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfu398. http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/suppl_1/i46.abstract.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kemna MJ, Damoiseaux J, Austen J, Winkens B, Peters J, van Paassen P, Tervaert JWC. ANCA as a predictor of relapse: useful in patients with renal involvement but not in patients with nonrenal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;26:537–42. doi:10.1681/ASN.2013111233. http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/26/3/537.abstract.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Stehlé T, Audard V, Ronco P, Debiec H. Phospholipase A2 receptor and sarcoidosis-associated membranous nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015;30(6):1047–50. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfv080. http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/04/02/ndt.gfv080.short?rss=1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hofstra JM, Wetzels JFM. Phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies in membranous nephropathy: unresolved issues. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;25:1137–9. doi:10.1681/ASN.2014010091. http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/25/6/1137.long.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Tomas NM, Beck LH, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Seitz-Polski B, Ma H, Zahner G, Dolla G, Hoxha E, Helmchen U, Dabert-Gay A-S, Debayle D, Merchant M, Klein J, Salant DJ, Stahl RAK, Lambeau G. Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:2277–87. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1409354. http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1409354.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rayner, H., Thomas, M., Milford, D. (2016). Immunology. In: Understanding Kidney Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23458-8_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23458-8_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-23457-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-23458-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics