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Managing the Phytotoxicity and Inconsistent Nematode Suppression in Soil Amended with Phytonematicides

  • Chapter
Organic Amendments and Soil Suppressiveness in Plant Disease Management

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 46))

Abstract

High incidence of phytotoxicity and inconsistent results in nematode suppression of soil amended with phytonematicides had been limiting the adoption of phytonematicides in various countries. The efficacy of phytonematicides depended on allelochemicals as active ingredients, which are naturally phytotoxic. Plant species respond to increasing concentrations of allelochemicals through density-dependent growth patterns, which have three phases, namely, stimulation, neutral and inhibition, with each phase having a range of concentrations. The curve-fitting allelochemical response dosage model was used for two triterpenoid phytonematicides, nemarioc-AL and nemafric-BL phytonematicides, to develop the non-phytotoxic concentrations of the products within the stimulation phase of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. The concept called for the development of the application interval, culminating in the formulation of the application frequency and the dosage, which ameliorated the incidence of phytotoxicity. The application intervals of the derived non-phytotoxic concentrations for the products were such that the life cycle of the root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes was continuously disrupted, thereby ensuring consistent results in nematode suppression in soils amended with phytonematicides.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Land Bank Chair of Agriculture—University of Limpopo, the Flemish Interuniversity Council (VLIR) and the Agriculture Research Council of South Africa for funding the Green Technologies Research Programme at the University of Limpopo.

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  1. School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, Republic of South Africa

    Phatu W. Mashela & Zakheleni P. Dube

  2. Agricultural Research Council – Vegetable and Ornamental Plants Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa

    Kgabo M. Pofu

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  1. Phatu W. Mashela
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Correspondence to Phatu W. Mashela .

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  1. Defence Research Laboratory, Ministry of Defence, Defence R & D Organisation, Tezpur, Assam, India

    Mukesh K. Meghvansi

  2. Amity University Uttar Pradesh Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Mashela, P.W., Dube, Z.P., Pofu, K.M. (2015). Managing the Phytotoxicity and Inconsistent Nematode Suppression in Soil Amended with Phytonematicides. In: Meghvansi, M., Varma, A. (eds) Organic Amendments and Soil Suppressiveness in Plant Disease Management. Soil Biology, vol 46. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23075-7_7

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