Skip to main content

Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual (LGB): Caring with Quality and Compassion

  • Chapter
Diversity and Inclusion in Quality Patient Care

Abstract

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual patients are ubiquitous in medicine. However, patients who identify as such, and those who engage in same-sex sexual behavior, encounter important challenges often different than those in the sexual majority. Education, additional research, and an environment of inclusion are necessary to remove barriers and provide equitable health care. This chapter explores societal stigmas, barriers, and unique health care disparities common to men who have sex with men (MSM), and women who have sex with women (WSW).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE. Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE, Gebhard P. Sexual behavior in the human female. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gates GJ. How many people are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender? [Internet] Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law; April 2011. [cited 2014 September 24, Available from: http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/research/census-lgbt-demographics-studies/how-many-people-are-lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender/

  4. Ward BW, Dahlhamer JM, Galinsky AM, Joestl SS. Sexual orientation and health among US adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2013. Natl Health Statistics Rep. 2014 77:1-12 [cited 2014 September 24].

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bernstein KT, Liu KL, Begier EM, Koblin B, Karpati A, Murrill C. Same-sex attraction disclosure to health care providers among New York City men who have sex with men: implications for HIV testing approaches. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(13):1458–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Klinger RL, Cabaj RP. Characteristics of gay and lesbian relationship. In: Oldham JM, Riba MB, Tasman A, editors. American psychiatric press review of psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc; 1993. p. 101–25.

    Google Scholar 

  7. McCarthy J. Same-sex marriage support reaches new high at 55% [Internet]. Gallop Politics. 2014 May 21. [cited 2014 September 24]. Available from: http://www.gallup.com/poll/169640/sex-marriage-support-reaches-new-high.aspx

  8. Institute of Medicine Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and Opportunities. The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people: building a foundation for better understanding. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Meyer IH. Minority stress and mental health in gay men. J Health Soc Behav. 1995;36(1):38–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674–97. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hatzenbuehler ML, Bellatorre A, Lee Y, Finch BK, Muennig P, Fiscella K. Structural stigma and all-cause mortality in sexual minority populations. Soc Sci Med. 2014;103:33–41.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lambda Legal. When health care isn’t caring: Lambda Legal’s survey of discrimination against LGBT people and people with HIV [Internet]. New York: Lambda Legal; 2010 [cited 2014 Sept 15]. Available at: www.lambdalegal.org/health-care-report.

  13. Frazer S. NYS-wide survey on LGBT health and human services needs in New York State. Albany, NY: Empire State Pride Agenda Foundation; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Human Rights Campaign [cited 15 Oct 2014]. Available at: http://www.hrc.org.

  15. Gonzales G. Same-sex marriage—a prescription for better health. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1373–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Assistant secretary for Health, US Department of Health and Human Services. Recommended actions to improve the health and well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities [Internet]. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services; 2012 [cited 2014 Sept 15]. Available from: http://www.hhs.gov/secretary/about/lgbthealth.html.

  17. Gay and Lesbian Medical Association [website]. Washington, DC: GLMA, 2015 [cited 2014 Oct 15]. Available from: www.glma.org.

  18. Sonier J, Freid B, Au-Yeung C, Auringer B. State-level trends in employer-sponsored health insurance [Internet]. Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; 2013. Available from: http://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2013/04/state-level-trends-in-employer-sponsored-health-insurance.html

  19. Sears B, Mallory C. Documented evidence of employment discrimination & its effects on LGBT people [Internet]. Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law; c 2011. Available from: http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/research/workplace/documented-evidence-of-employment-discrimination-its-effects-on-lgbt-people/

  20. The Joint Commission. Advancing effective communication, cultural competence, and patient and family centered care for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community: a field guide. Oak Brook, IL: Joint Commission; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Center for Disease Control and Prevention [website]. Atlanta, GA [cited 2014 Oct 15]. Available at: www.cdc.gov.

  22. DuRant RH, Krowchuk DP, Sinal SH. Victimization, use of violence, and drug use at school among male adolescents who engage in same-sex sexual behavior. J Pediatr. 1998;133(1):113–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Austin SB, Ziyadeh N, Kahn JA, Camargo Jr CA, Colditz GA, Field AE. Sexual orientation, weight concerns, and eating-disordered behaviors in adolescent girls and boys. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43(9):1115–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Russell ST, Joyner K. Adolescent sexual orientation and suicide risk: evidence from a national study. Am J Pub Health. 2001;91(8):1276–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. The Human Rights Campaign. Growing up LGBT in America [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2014 Sept 26]. Washington, DC: Human Rights Campaign; c 2011-2015. Available from: http://www.hrc.org/youth/about-the-survey-report

  26. Herdt G, Boxer A. Children of horizons: how gay and lesbian teens are leading a new way out of the closet. Boston, MA: Beacon; 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Steevers J, Frances J, Gordon LP, Lee J. Sexual minority youth. Prim Care. 2014;41(3):651–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Services and Advocacy for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Elders (SAGE). Discrimination [cited 2014 September 24]. New York, NY: SAGE; c 2012-2015. Available from: http://www.sageusa.org/issues/general.cfm

  29. Gates GJ. LGBT parenting in the United States [Internet]. 2013 Feb [cited on 2014 Sept 24]. Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law; c 2011. Available from: http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/research/census-lgbt-demographics-studies/lgbt-parenting-in-the-united-states/

  30. National Senior Citizens Law Center. LGBT older adults in long-term care facilities: stories from the field [Internet]. April 2011 [cited 2014 September 24]. New York, NY: National Resource Center on LGBT Aging; c 2011-2015. Available from: http://www.lgbtagingcenter.org/resources/resource.cfm?r=54

  31. Green J. Cassell’s dictionary of slang. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing; 2006. p. 893.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kastanis A, Wilson BDM. Race/ethnicity, gender and socioeconomic wellbeing of individuals in same-sex couples [Internet]. Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law; c 2011. Available from: http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Census-Compare-Feb-2014.pdf

  33. Moll J, Krieger P, Moreno-Walton L, Lee B, Slaven E, James T, et al. The prevalence of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health education and training in emergency medicine residency programs: what do we know? Acad Emerg Med. 2014;21(5):608–11. doi:10.1111/acem.12368.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paul Krieger M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Moll, J., Krieger, P. (2016). Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual (LGB): Caring with Quality and Compassion. In: Martin, M., Heron, S., Moreno-Walton, L., Jones, A. (eds) Diversity and Inclusion in Quality Patient Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22840-2_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22840-2_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-22839-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-22840-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics