Abstract
This chapter examines New England as a place, with a history that transcends its often timeless character. It takes apart the idea that rural New England is a place cut off from global processes and argues instead for a historically situated “stratigraphy” of New England landscapes, which were always connected to broader social processes. The earliest landscape is the Algonkian homeland, in which Native people of the northeast utilized a variety of hunting, gathering, and horticultural strategies in combination with fluid and dynamic settlement patterns. This landscape was “improved” by the landscape of the colonial encounter, in which European physical and symbolic violence re-shaped the Algonkian homeland into a military and economic space fit for colonial raw material extraction. Wealth production and class formation in the eighteenth century led to the development of the agricultural economy of the region, connected to the Atlantic world through material goods and shared ideological formations. This landscape culminated in the first wave of agricultural Improvement, undertaken by the region’s elite in the mid to late eighteenth century.
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Notes
- 1.
The DEDIC site, near Deerfield, dates to approximately this time period (Chilton et al. 2005) and is one of the oldest “Paleo-Indian” sites in the region.
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Lewis, Q.P. (2016). Rural New England in Time and Place. In: An Archaeology of Improvement in Rural Massachusetts. Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22105-2_3
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