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Neutrinos and Their Impact on Core-Collapse Supernova Nucleosynthesis

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Handbook of Supernovae

Abstract

Core-collapse supernovae liberate an energy equivalent to the binding energy of the newly formed neutron star by emitting ∼1058 neutrinos of all flavors with typical energies of ∼10 MeV. These neutrinos are responsible for a matter outflow from the proto-neutron star known as the neutrino-driven wind. The nucleosynthesis in the wind is very sensitive to the proton-to-nucleon ratio that is determined by spectral differences between ν e and \(\bar{\nu }_{e}\). Current simulations taking into account recent progress in the description of high-density neutrino- matter interactions predict very similar spectra for all neutrino flavors. Hence, the ejecta are mainly proton-rich during the whole deleptonization phase and allow for the operation of the νp-process. As neutrinos travel through the stellar mantle, they can induce spallation reactions with abundant nuclei. This leads to the ν-process that synthesizes 11B, 19F, 138La, and 180Ta and enhances the yields of several long-lived radioactive nuclei. During their propagation, neutrinos can suffer flavor oscillations that can also potentially affect the nucleosynthesis in the ejecta.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partly supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through contract SFB 1245, and the Helmholtz Association through the Nuclear Astrophysics Virtual Institute (VH-VI-417). TF acknowledges support by the Polish National Science Center (NCN) under grant number UMO-2013/11/D/ST2/02645.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Nuclear Physics (Theory Center), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Gabriel Martínez-Pinedo, Karlheinz Langanke, Andre Sieverding & Meng-Ru Wu

  2. GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany

    Gabriel Martínez-Pinedo & Karlheinz Langanke

  3. Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland

    Tobias Fischer

  4. Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    Andreas Lohs

  5. Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Meng-Ru Wu

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  1. Gabriel Martínez-Pinedo
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  2. Tobias Fischer
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  3. Karlheinz Langanke
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  4. Andreas Lohs
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  5. Andre Sieverding
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  6. Meng-Ru Wu
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Correspondence to Gabriel Martínez-Pinedo .

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  1. University College London Observatory, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Athem W. Alsabti

  2. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

    Paul Murdin

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Martínez-Pinedo, G., Fischer, T., Langanke, K., Lohs, A., Sieverding, A., Wu, MR. (2017). Neutrinos and Their Impact on Core-Collapse Supernova Nucleosynthesis. In: Alsabti, A., Murdin, P. (eds) Handbook of Supernovae. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21846-5_78

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