Abstract
To end this survey of the complex system of semantic relation coding as currently known, I present two still unmentioned phenomena that seem to have some importance: these are the pairing of semantic roles and the effect of the verbal aspect, with a final comment on multiple roles.
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Notes
- 1.
Essentially the same relation is found in FrameNet, namely roles that “require” the occurrence of other roles; see the entry for FIGHT, for example.
- 2.
The masculine singular is magro, the feminine plural magras, the masculine plural magros.
- 3.
There is a preliminary study of the internal structure of the NP in Perini et al. (1996). The phenomenon of semantic role pairing and its grammatical correlates was studied in Perini and Fulgêncio (2011).
- 4.
I remind the reader that we are calling the subject a complement; this makes sense in terms of the description of valencies.
- 5.
‘She was with you’ is ela estava com você, with the other verb meaning ‘be’, estar.
- 6.
In English grammar, generally predicative complement.
- 7.
Which depends on how we understand the meaning of predication, a word which seems to be less univocal than desirable.
- 8.
If someone feels uncomfortable with the use of the word assign here, we may also use the equivalent (if more cumbersome) expression “be can co-occur with a specified set of complements having specific semantic roles associated with them”.
- 9.
In spite of the rather common idea that “[the verb be] is simply irrelevant here” (Frawley 1992, p. 199). For one thing, be is in opposition with verbs like parecer ‘seem’, in that it conveys a fact, whereas parecer only denotes an appearance.
- 10.
Or, rather, explicitly stated somewhere in the lexico-grammar.
- 11.
The Agent is eventually elaborated into the “opiner”, that is, the person who emits an opinion, by virtue of the semantics of consider.
- 12.
The Agent is elaborated into “opiner”, as seen above.
- 13.
I refer to the use of run as in [26]. This verb may occur in other senses, as in the tank ran dry etc., for which this analysis is not valid. In other words, I am speaking of the schema RUN, rather than of the verb run.
References
Dowty, David. 1991. Thematic proto-roles and argument selection. Language, 67, 3.
Frawley, William. 1992. Linguistic Semantics. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Huddleston, Rodney. 1984. Introduction to the Grammar of English. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Jackendoff, Ray S. 1972. Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Kury, Adriano da G. 1985. Novas lições de análise sintática [New lectures in syntactic analysis]. São Paulo: Ática.
Perini, Mário A., and Lúcia Fulgêncio. 2011. Papéis temáticos emparelhados e a análise do predicativo em português [Paired thematic roles and the analysis of the Portuguese predicative]. Revista da Associação Brasileira de Linguística, vol 10, no. 1, pp. 149-202.
Perini, Mário A., Regina Bessa, Sigrid T. Fraiha, and Lúcia Fulgêncio. 1996. O Sintagma nominal em português: Estrutura, significado e função [The noun phrase in Portuguese: Structure, meaning, and function]. Revista de Estudos da Linguagem, extra issue, Belo Horizonte, UFMG.
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Perini, M.A. (2015). Other Aspects of the Role-Coding Process. In: Describing Verb Valency. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20985-2_10
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