Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evolution of the Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5: The Justice System in the United States—Time for a Paradigm Shift!

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Adults: Ethical and Legal Perspectives

Part of the book series: International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine ((LIME,volume 63))

Abstract

The development of FASD throughout the DSM-IV-TR era has had significant impact in criminal cases, especially regarding death penalty litigation. This chapter will focus on individual rights afforded to indigent defendants as it relates to ineffective assistance of counsel, competency, mitigation, and death penalty cases and explore the potential impacts of the DSM-5 on the legal process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Bar Association (ABA). 1998. Commission on Mental and Physical Disability Law.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Bar Association (ABA). 2012. Resolution 112B on FASD.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Washington DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ake v. Oklahoma. 1985. 470 U.S. 568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins. v. Virginia. 2002. 536 U.S. 304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom v. Calderon. 1997. 132 F.3d 1267, 1278 (9th Cir. 1997).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boykin v. Alabama. 1969. 395 U.S. 238, 243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brems, C., M.E. Johnson, J.S. Metzger, and S.L. Dewane. 2014. College students’ knowledge about fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Canadian Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 21(2): e1159–e1166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Bar Association (CBA). 2011. Resolution 10-02-A on FASD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caro v. Calderon. 1999. 165 F.3d 1223, 1226 (9th Cir. 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro v. Oklahoma. 1995. 71 F.3d 1502 (10th Cir. 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper v. Oklahoma. 1996 517 U.S. 348, 349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, L., D. Clairmont, and S. Cox. 2008. Knowledge and attitudes of criminal justice professionals in relation to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 15(2): 306–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullen v. Pinholster. 2011. 131 S.Ct. 1388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillbeck v. State. 1994. 643 S.2d 1027 (Fla. 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Drope v. Missouri. 1975. 420 U.S. 162: 171–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • English Standard Bible (n.d.). 2009. Wheaton, Illinois: Good News Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fielding, H. 1751. Inquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers, etc., Printed for A. Millar by Henry Fielding.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godinez v. Moran. 1993. 509 U.S. 389, 398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham v. Florida. 2010. 130 S.Ct. 176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall v. Florida. 2014. 572 U.S.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingersoll, K.S., S.D. Ceparich, M.D. Nettleman, and B.A. Johnson. 2008. Risk drinking and contraception effectiveness among college women. Psychology Health 23: 965–981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson v. Hobbs. 2012. 567 U.S. 2455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, K.L., D.W. Smith, C.N. Ulleland, and A. Streissguth. 1973. Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers. Lancet 301(7815): 1267–1271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lafferty v. Cook. 1991. 949 F.2d 1546, 1548 (10th Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert v. Blodget. 2003. 248 F.Supp.2d 988 (E.D. WA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez v. Ryan. 2012. 566 U.S. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCreight, B. 1997. Recognizing and managing children with fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effect: A Guidebook. Washington, DC: Children Welfare League of America.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLachlan, K., R. Roesch, J.L. Viljoen, and K.S. Douglas. 2014. Evaluating the psycholegal abilities of young offenders with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Law and Human Behavior 38(1): 10–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pate v. Robinson. 1966. 383 U.S. 375, 379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penry v. Lynaugh. 1989. 409 U.S. 302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Philipsborn, J.T. 2008. Dealing with experts on competence to stand trial: Suggestions and approaches—Part two. The Champion Magazine 3: 42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rompilla v. Beard. 2005. 545 U.S. 374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roper v. Simmons. 2005. 543 U.S. 551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, P., A. Streissguth, F. Bookstein, R. Little, S. Clarren, P. Dehane, and J. Graham. 1997. Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopment disorder. Terotology 56(5): 317–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva v. Woodford. 2007. 279 F.3d 825 (9th Cir. 2007).

    Google Scholar 

  • Skaggs v. Parker. 2000. 235 F.3d 261,271 (6th Cir. 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • State v. Ortiz. 2001. 104 Wn.2d 479.

    Google Scholar 

  • State v. Scholler. 2009. Snohomish County Superior Court, Nos. 08-8-00426-1 and 08-9-00443-1.

    Google Scholar 

  • State v. Thornton. 2011. Kitsap County Superior Court, No. 09—1-01284-7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stetler, R. 2014. Mental health evidence and the capital defence function: Prevailing norms. University of Missouri Kansas City Law Review 82: 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streissguth, A., Barr, H.M., Kogan, J. and Bookstein, F.L., 1996. Understanding the occurrence of secondary disabilities in clients with fetal alcohol effects (FAE). (Center for Disease Control and Prevention Grant #R04/CCR008515 m). University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Fetal Alcohol and Drug Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Matter of S.M.S. 2010. a Youth, 355 Mont. 102, 104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson v. Oklahoma. 1989. 487 U.S. 815.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trevino v. Thaler. 2013. 133 S.Ct. 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  • U. S. v. Duhon. 2000. 104 F.Supp.2d 663 (W.D. La. 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. v. Dusky. 1960. 362 U.S. 402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Washington Statute RCW 9A.04.050 (1975, 2011).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, H., M. Kao, H. Lee, and G.W. Dowdall. 2000. Environmental correlate of underage use and related problems of college students. Journal of Preventive Medicine 19: 24–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • William, S.J. 2006. Is there justice in the juvenile justice system? Examining the role of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Justice Policy Journal, 3(1): 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

Additional Resource List

  • Although the following legal cases are also included in the Reference list, they provide compelling information on the development of constitutional law and other legal aspects that may not involve FASD, but could be relevant to issues impacting the developing law on FASD.

    Google Scholar 

  • RCWA 9A.04.050, Revised Code of Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regina v. J (T). 1999. No. 57, The Yukon Territorial Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodard v. Alabama. 2013. 571 U.S. 405.

    Google Scholar 

  • The following FASD resources are provided to assist in expanding one’s interest and knowledge related to the complexities of FASD:.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, N.N., P.D. Connor, and R.S. Adler. 2012. Conduct-disordered adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder intervention in secure treatment settings. Criminal Justice and Behavior 39(6): 770–793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, N., G. Gudjonsson, and P. Connor. 2011. Suggestibility and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: I’ll tell you anything you want to hear. The Journal of Psychiatry & Law 1: 39–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, N.N., Wartnik, A.P., Connor, P.D., and Adler, R.S. 2010. A proposed model standard for forensic assessment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 38(4): 475–506.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burd, L., D.K. Fast, J. Conry, and A.D. Williams. 2010. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder as a marker for increased risk involvement with corrections. The Journal of Psychiatry and Law 38: 559–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burd, L., Rachael, H., Selfridge, B.S., Klug, M.G., and Juelson, T. 2003. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in the Canadian corrections system. The Journal of FAS International, e14: 110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burd, L., R. Selfridge, M. Klug, and S. Bakko. 2004. Fetal alcohol syndrome in the United States corrections system. Addiction Biology 9(2): 169–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chartrand, L.N., and E.M. Forbes-Chilibeck. 2003. The Sentencing of offenders with fetal alcohol syndrome. Health Law Journal 11: 35–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douds, A., H. Stevens, and W. Sumner. 2013. Sword or shield? A systematic review of the roles FASD evidence plays in judicial proceedings. Criminal Justice Policy Review 24(4): 492–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, H. 2010. The sentencing response to defendants with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Criminal Law Journal 34(4): 221–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fast, D., and J. Conry. 2004. The challenge of fetal alcohol syndrome in the criminal legal system. Addiction Biology 9(2): 161–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fast, D.K., and J. Conry. 2009. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and the criminal justice system. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 15(3): 250–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fast, D.K., J. Conry, and C.A. Loock. 1999. Identifying fetal alcohol syndrome among youth in the criminal justice system. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 20(5): 370–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malbin, D.V. 2004. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and the role of family court judges in improving outcomes for children and families. Juvenile and Family Court Journal 55(2): 53–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, T.E., and M. Green. 2004. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD): A need for closer examination by the criminal justice system. Criminal Reports 19(1): 99–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popova, S., S. Lange, D. Bekmuradov, A. Mihic, and J. Rehm. 2011. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevalence estimates in correctional systems: a systematic literature review. Canadian Journal of Public Health 5: 336–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiel, K., N. Baladerian, K. Boyce, O. Cantos, L. Davis, K. Kelly, K. Tavenner, K. Mitchell, and J. Stream. 2010. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and victimization: Implications for families, educators, social services, law enforcement, and the judicial system. Journal of Psychiatry & Law 39: 121–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Seattle, Washington, USA

    Anthony P. Wartnik

  2. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA

    Jerrod Brown & Sarah Herrick

Authors
  1. Anthony P. Wartnik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jerrod Brown
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sarah Herrick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anthony P. Wartnik .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Consulting Psychology Associates, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Monty Nelson

  2. Office of the Ethics Commissioner, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Marguerite Trussler

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wartnik, A.P., Brown, J., Herrick, S. (2016). Evolution of the Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5: The Justice System in the United States—Time for a Paradigm Shift!. In: Nelson, M., Trussler, M. (eds) Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Adults: Ethical and Legal Perspectives. International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine, vol 63. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20866-4_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation