Abstract
Urodynamic studies assess the functionality of the lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) by measuring pressure and flow. The diagnostic accuracy of urodynamics can be increased by the addition of fluoroscopy, which allows radiologic assessment of the anatomy of the lower urinary tract in real time. Synergistic assessment of lower urinary tract anatomy and function with fluoroscopy and urodynamics, respectively, provides the most comprehensive evaluation of the lower urinary tract. When both urodynamics and fluoroscopy are combined, the study is referred to as a videourodynamic study (VUDS).
Videourodynamic evaluations can be used to diagnose even the most complex voiding disorders such as differentiating between functional and anatomic bladder outlet obstruction and determining type and severity of incontinence. Furthermore, a VUDS can provide useful anatomic information such as bony pelvis and spinal abnormalities, presence of fistulae, the presence and location of obstruction, urethral anatomy, presence and degree of prolapse, and severity of vesicoureteral reflux.
The primary aim of this chapter is to familiarize the clinician with the background and advantages and disadvantages of the addition of fluoroscopy to urodynamics as well as provide a framework for the practical aspects of utilizing fluoroscopy in the office setting. Furthermore, suggestions to optimize fluoroscopy for certain conditions and troubleshooting for specific scenarios are included.
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Feng, T., Eilber, K.S. (2016). The Use of Fluoroscopy. In: Peterson, A., Fraser, M. (eds) Practical Urodynamics for the Clinician. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20834-3_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20834-3_8
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