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The Role of Incretins in Insulin Secretion

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Principles of Diabetes Mellitus

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Abstract

The notion that gut factors produced in response to nutrient ingestion are capable of stimulating the endocrine pancreas and consequently reducing glycemic levels was introduced more than 100 years ago. These gut factors were subsequently called incretins, and the augmented insulin response to nutrient given orally compared to nutrient administered intravenously was named “incretin effect.” This chapter focuses on the mechanisms of the synthesis and actions of the incretin peptides, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. In addition, alteration in incretin axis in type 2 diabetes and therapeutic relevance of these peptides will be highlighted. Finally, the role of incretin axis in diabetes remission after gastrointestinal surgeries for treatment of obesity will be briefly discussed.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Thalians E104, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA

    Marzieh Salehi

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  1. Lenox Hill Hospital Division of Endocrinology, New York, New York, USA

    Leonid Poretsky

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Salehi, M. (2016). The Role of Incretins in Insulin Secretion. In: Poretsky, L. (eds) Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_4-1

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