Abstract
A delicate equilibrium between tear production and loss is controlled by the lacrimal system. Biological, environmental, and physical factors continuously influence this balance. Tear production in excess of loss directly causes tearing, whereas tear loss in excess of production stimulates reflexive tear production, which may also lead to epiphora [1].
Pictures in this chapter are courtesy of Dr. Daniele Perano, Otolaryngology Department, Arcispedale IRCCS S. Maria Nuova, and Reggio Emilia.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Price KM et al (2009) The tearing patient: diagnosis and management. Ophthalmic pearls: external disease. www.aao.org
Yuen SJ, Oley C, Sullivan TJ (2004) Lacrimal outflow dysgenesis. Ophthalmology 111(9):1782–1790
MacEwen CJ, Young JDH (1991) Epiphora during the first year of life. Eye (Lond) 5(Pt 5):596–600
Wagner RS (1996) Lacrimal disorders. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 9:229–237
Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (2012) Resolution of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with nonsurgical management. Arch Ophthalmol 130:730–734
Schnall BM (2013) Pediatric nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 24(5):421–424
Kushner BJ (1982) Congenital nasolacrimal system obstruction. Arch Ophthalmol 100:597–600
Kashkouli MB, Kassaee A, Tabatabaee Z (2002) Initial nasolacrimal duct probing in children under age 5: cure rate and factors affecting success. J AAPOS 6(6):360–363
Pashby RC, Hurwitz JJ (1996) Pediatric lacrimal disease. In: Hurwitz JJ (ed) The lacrimal system. pp 237–240
Kersten RC (1996) Congenital lacrimal abnormalities. In: Bosniak S (ed) Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. p 954
Arora S, Koushan K, Harvey J (2012) Success rates of primary probing for congenital nasolacrimal obstruction in children. J AAPOS 16:173–176
Honavar SG, Prakash VE, Rao GN (2000) Outcome of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in older children. Am J Ophthalmol 13:42–48
Andalib D, Gharabaghi D, Nabai R, Abbaszadeh M (2010) Monocanalicular versus bicanalicular silicone intubation for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. J AAPOS 14:421–424
Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (2009) Repeat probing for treatment of persistent nasolacrimal duct obstruction. J AAPOS 13:306–307
Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (2009) Balloon catheter dilation and nasolacrimal duct intubation for treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction after failed probing. Arch Ophthalmol 127:633–639
Mackenzie PJ, Dolman PJ, Stokes J, Lyons CJ (2008) Dacryocele diagnosed prenatally. Br J Ophthalmol 92:437–438
Yazici Z, Kline-Fath BM, Yazici B (2010) Congenital dacryocystocele: prenatal MRI findings. Pediatr Radiol 40:1868–1873
Schnall BM, Christian CJ (1996) Conservative treatment of congenital dacryocele. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 33:219–222
Lueder GT (2012) The association of neonatal dacryocystoceles and infantile dacryocystitis with nasolacrimal duct cysts (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 110:74–93
Paysee EA, Coats DK, Bernstein JM et al (2000) Management and complications of congenital dacryocele with concurrent intranasal mucocele. J AAPOS 4:46–53
Shekunov J, Griepentrog GJ, Diehl NN, Mohney BG (2010) Prevalence and clinical characteristics of congenital dacryocystocele. J AAPOS 14:417–420
Lyons CJ, Rosser PM, Welham RA (1993) The management of punctal agenesis. Ophthalmology 100(12):1851–1855
Ali MJ, Mohapatra S, Mulay K, Naik MN, Honavar SG (2013) Incomplete punctal canalization: the external and internal punctal membranes. Outcomes of membranotomy and adjunctive procedures. Br J Ophthalmol 97:92–95
Satchi K, McNab AA (2010) Double lacrimal puncta: clinical presentation and potential mechanisms of epiphora. Ophthalmology 117(1):180–183
Dalgleish R (1964) Incidence of idiopathic acquired obstructions in the lacrimal drainage apparatus. Br J Ophthal 48:373–376
Repp DJ, Burkat CN, Lucarelli MJ (2009) Lacrimal excretory system concretions: canalicular and lacrimal Sac. Ophthalmology 116:2230–2235
McNab AA (1998) Lacrimal canalicular obstruction associated with topical ocular medication. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol 26:219–223
Alexandrakis G, Tse DT, Rosa RH Jr, Johnson TE (1999) Nasolacrimal duct obstruction and orbital cellulitis associated with chronic intranasal cocaine abuse. Arch Ophthalmol 117(12):1617–1622
Esmaeli B, Ahmadi MA, Rivera E et al (2002) Docetaxel secretion in tears: association with lacrimal drainage obstruction. Arch Ophthalmol 120:1180–1182
Kamal S, Kumar S, Goel R, Bodh SA, Kumar R, Bansal S, Madhu (2012) Rosai-dorfman with bilateral involvement of lacrimal sac as extranodal disease. Orbit 31(2):132–133
Pitts Crick R, Hoyle C, Smellie H (1961) The eyes in sarcoidosis. Br J Ophthalmol 45:461–481
Chapman KL, Bartley GB, Garrity JA, Gonnering RS (1999) Lacrimal bypass surgery in patients with sarcoidosis. Am J Ophthalmol 127(4):443–446
Kay DJ, Saffra N, Har-El G (2002) Isolated sarcoidosis of the lacrimal sac without systemic manifestations. Am J Otolaryngol 23(1):53–55
Bullen CL, Liesegang TJ, McDonald TJ, DeRemee RA (1983) Ocular complications of Wegener’s granulomatosis. Ophthalmology 90(3):279–290
Anderson NG, Wojno TH, Grossniklaus HE (2003) Clinicopathologic findings from lacrimal sac biopsy specimens obtained during dacryocystorhinostomy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 19:173–176
Kashkouli MB, Beigi B, Murthy R, Astbury N (2003) Acquired external punctal stenosis: etiology and associated findings. Am J Ophthalmol 136:1079–1084
Kristan RW, Branch L (1988) Treatment of lacrimal punctal stenosis with a one-snip canaliculotomy and temporary punctal plugs. Arch Ophthalmol 106:878–879
Colla B, Seynaeve L, Draulans E, Missotten L (1994) Silastic intubation for canaliculus communis stenosis. Bull Soc Belge Ophthalmol 252:55–60
Auran JD, Hornblass A, Gross ND (1990) Stevens-Johnson syndrome with associated nasolacrimal duct obstruction treated with dacryocystorhinostomy and Crawford silicone tube insertion. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 6(1):60–63
Durrani OM, Verity DH, Meligonis G, Rose GE (2008) Bicanalicular obstruction in lichen planus: a characteristic pattern of disease. Ophthalmology 115(2):386–389
Anand S, Hollingworth K, Kumar V, Sandramouli S (2004) Canaliculitis: the incidence of long-term epiphora following canaliculotomy. Orbit 23:19–26
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mattioli, F., Valerini, S., Bonali, M., Molteni, G. (2016). Lacrimal Drainage System Diseases. In: Presutti, L., Mattioli, F. (eds) Endoscopic Surgery of the Lacrimal Drainage System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20633-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20633-2_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20632-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20633-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)