Abstract
Hybrid PET/MR imaging using sequential and integrated scanner platforms has been available for several years, and from the beginning, expectations toward cardiovascular applications have been high. Both PET and MRI have been used in cardiovascular imaging for decades, and in recent years, MRI became a standard of reference with respect to a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac MRI allows for the detailed anatomical assessment of the cardiovascular system, quantification of cardiovascular function, and multiparametric tissue classification. PET imaging allows for the precise quantification of myocardial perfusion and coronary blood flow reserve, visualization of specific metabolic processes, as well as quantification on the molecular level. Despite a certain overlap between modalities, the excellent morphologic and functional imaging capabilities of MRI in combination with the high sensitivity and quantification capabilities of PET are poised to provide added value in a variety of cardiac diseases. The following chapter provides a summary of the current state of scientific research in cardiovascular PET/MRI.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Schlosser T, Nensa F, Mahabadi AA, Poeppel TD. Hybrid MRI/PET of the heart: a new complementary imaging technique for simultaneous acquisition of MRI and PET data. Heart. 2012;5:351–2.
Ibrahim T, Nekolla SG, Langwieser N, et al. Simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging identifies sustained regional abnormalities in cardiac metabolism and function in stress-induced transient midventricular ballooning syndrome. Circulation. 2012;21:e324–6.
Rischpler C, Nekolla SG, Dregely I, Schwaiger M. Hybrid PET/MR imaging of the heart: potential, initial experiences, and future prospects. J Nucl Med. 2013;3:402–15.
White JA, Rajchl M, Butler J, Thompson RT, Prato FS, Wisenberg G. Active cardiac sarcoidosis: first clinical experience of simultaneous positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of cardiac disease. Circulation. 2013;22:e639–41.
Nensa F, Poeppel TD, Beiderwellen K, et al. Hybrid PET/MR imaging of the heart: feasibility and initial results. Radiology. 2013;2:366–73.
Nensa F, Schlosser T. Cardiovascular hybrid imaging using PET/MRI. Rofo. 2014;12:1094–101.
Quick HH. Integrated PET/MR. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;2:243–58.
Martinez-Möller A, Souvatzoglou M, Delso G, et al. Tissue classification as a potential approach for attenuation correction in whole-body PET/MRI: evaluation with PET/CT data. J Nucl Med. 2009;4:520–6.
Kim JH, Lee JS, Song IC, Lee DS. Comparison of segmentation-based attenuation correction methods for PET/MRI: evaluation of bone and liver standardized uptake value with oncologic PET/CT data. J Nucl Med. 2012;12:1878–82.
Keereman V, Fierens Y, Broux T, De Deene Y, Lonneux M, Vandenberghe S. MRI-based attenuation correction for PET/MRI using ultrashort echo time sequences. J Nucl Med. 2010;5:812–8.
Blumhagen JO, Ladebeck R, Fenchel M, Scheffler K. MR-based field-of-view extension in MR/PET: B(0) homogenization using gradient enhancement (HUGE). Magn Reson Med. 2012;4:1047–57.
Nuyts J, Bal G, Kehren F, Fenchel M, Michel C, Watson C. Completion of a truncated attenuation image from the attenuated PET emission data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2013;2:237–46.
Heusch P, Buchbender C, Beiderwellen K, et al. Standardized uptake values for [18F] FDG in normal organ tissues: comparison of whole-body PET/CT and PET/MRI. Eur J Radiol. 2013;5:870–6.
Lau JMC, Laforest R, Sharma S, et al. Feasibility of MRI attenuation correction in cardiac-gated FDG-PET. Paper presented at the ISMRM 21st Annual Meeting & Exhibition, Salt Lake City; 2013.
Nensa F, Tezgah E, and Poeppel TD, et al. Integrated FDG-PET/MRI for the assessment of myocardial salvage in reperfused acute myocardial infarction. Radiology. 2015 Apr 3:140564. [Epub ahead of print]. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25848898.
Jaarsma C, Leiner T, Bekkers SC, et al. Diagnostic performance of noninvasive myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography imaging for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;19:1719–28.
Zhang HS, Rischpler C, Langwieser N, et al. Simultaneous measurement of myocardial perfusion by dynamic contrast enhancement MR and ammonia PET. Paper presented at the ISMRM 21st Annual Meeting & Exhibition, Salt Lake City; 2013.
Lau JMC, Laforest R, Zheng J, et al. 13N-Ammonia PET/MR myocardial stress perfusion imaging early experience. Paper presented at the SNMMI 2014 Annual Meeting, St. Louis; 2014.
Friedrich MG, Sechtem U, Schulz-Menger J, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: a JACC White Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;17:1475–87.
Erba PA, Sollini M, Lazzeri E, Mariani G. FDG-PET in cardiac infections. Semin Nucl Med. 2013;5:377–95.
Harisankar CN, Mittal BR, Agrawal KL, Abrar ML, Bhattacharya A. Utility of high fat and low carbohydrate diet in suppressing myocardial FDG uptake. J Nucl Cardiol. 2011;5:926–36.
Ito K, Morooka M, Okazaki O, Minaminoto R, Kubota K, Hiroe M. Efficacy of heparin loading during an 18F-FDG PET/CT examination to search for cardiac sarcoidosis activity. Clin Nucl Med. 2013;2:128–30.
Morooka M, Moroi M, Uno K, et al. Long fasting is effective in inhibiting physiological myocardial 18F-FDG uptake and for evaluating active lesions of cardiac sarcoidosis. EJNMMI Res. 2014;1:1.
Nensa F, Poeppel TD, Krings P, Schlosser T. Multiparametric assessment of myocarditis using simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(32):2173.
Olshausen GV, Hyafil F, Langwieser N, Laugwitz K-L, Schwaiger M, Ibrahim T. Detection of acute inflammatory myocarditis in Epstein Barr virus infection using hybrid 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose–positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 2014;11:925–6.
O’Meara C, Menezes LJ, White SK, Wicks E, Elliott P. Initial experience of imaging cardiac sarcoidosis using hybrid PET-MR – a technologist’s case study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2013;15 Suppl 1:T1.
Schneider S, Batrice A, Rischpler C, Eiber M, Ibrahim T, Nekolla SG. Utility of multimodal cardiac imaging with PET/MRI in cardiac sarcoidosis: implications for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Eur Heart J. 2014;5:312.
Wicks E, Menezes L, Pantazis A, et al. Novel hybrid positron emission tomography – magnetic resonance (PET-MR) multi-modality inflammatory imaging has improved diagnostic accuracy for detecting cardiac sarcoidosis. Heart. 2014;100 Suppl 3:A80.
Greulich S, Deluigi CC, Gloekler S, et al. CMR imaging predicts death and other adverse events in suspected cardiac sarcoidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;4:501–11.
Carbone I, Friedrich MG. Myocardial edema imaging by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: current status and future potential. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2012;1:1–6.
Sobic-Saranovic DP, Grozdic IT, Videnovic-Ivanov J, et al. Responsiveness of FDG PET/CT to treatment of patients with active chronic sarcoidosis. Clin Nucl Med. 2013;7:516–21.
Nensa F, Tezgah E, Poeppel TD, Nassenstein K, Schlosser T. Diagnosis and treatment response evaluation of cardiac sarcoidosis using PET/MRI. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(9):550.
Langwieser N, von Olshausen G, Rischpler C, Ibrahim T. Confirmation of diagnosis and graduation of inflammatory activity of Loeffler endocarditis by hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2014;36:2496.
Probst S, Seltzer A, Spieler B, Chachoua A, Friedman K. The appearance of cardiac metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the lung on F-18 FDG PET/CT and post hoc PET/MRI. Clin Nucl Med. 2011;4:311–2.
Nensa F, Tezgah E, Poeppel TD, et al. Integrated 18F-FDG-PET/MRI in the assessment of cardiac masses: a pilot study. J Nucl Med. 2015;56(2):255–60.
Hoffmann U, Globits S, Schima W, et al. Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging of cardiac and paracardiac masses. Am J Cardiol. 2003;7:890–5.
Rahbar K, Seifarth H, Schäfers M, et al. Differentiation of malignant and benign cardiac tumors using 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2012;6:856–63.
Kong E-J, Lee S-H, Cho I-H. Myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy demonstrated by integrated cardiac F-18 FDG PET/MR. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;3:196–200.
Handa N, Magata Y, Mukai T, Nishina T, Konishi J, Komeda M. Quantitative FDG-uptake by positron emission tomography in progressive hypertrophy of rat hearts in vivo. Ann Nucl Med. 2007;10:569–76.
Rudd JH, Warburton EA, Fryer TD, et al. Imaging atherosclerotic plaque inflammation with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Circulation. 2002;23:2708–11.
Tahara N, Kai H, Ishibashi M, et al. Simvastatin attenuates plaque inflammation: evaluation by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;9:1825–31.
Joshi NV, Vesey AT, Williams MC, et al. 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography for identification of ruptured and high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaques: a prospective clinical trial. Lancet. 2013;9918:705–13.
Hermann S, Starsichova A, Waschkau B, et al. Non-FDG imaging of atherosclerosis: will imaging of MMPs assess plaque vulnerability? J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;3:609–17.
Yuan C, Mitsumori LM, Beach KW, Maravilla KR. Carotid atherosclerotic plaque: noninvasive MR characterization and identification of vulnerable lesions. Radiology. 2001;2:285–99.
Saam T, Hatsukami TS, Takaya N, et al. The vulnerable, or high-risk, atherosclerotic plaque: noninvasive MR imaging for characterization and assessment. Radiology. 2007;1:64–77.
Ripa RS, Knudsen A, Hag AM, et al. Feasibility of simultaneous PET/MR of the carotid artery: first clinical experience and comparison to PET/CT. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;4:361–71.
Pedersen SF, Ludvigsen TP, Johannesen HH, et al. Feasibility of simultaneous PET/MR in diet-induced atherosclerotic minipig: a pilot study for translational imaging. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;5:448–58.
Schneeweis C, Schnackenburg B, Stuber M, et al. Delayed contrast-enhanced MRI of the coronary artery wall in takayasu arteritis. PLoS One. 2012;12, e50655.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nensa, F., Poeppel, T.D., Schlosser, T. (2015). Potential Role of Cardiac PET/MRI in Cardiovascular Disease: Initial Experience. In: Schindler, T., George, R., Lima, J. (eds) Molecular and Multimodality Imaging in Cardiovascular Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19611-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19611-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19610-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19611-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)