Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Endodontics in the Deciduous/Mixed Dentition

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Endodontic Treatment, Retreatment, and Surgery

  • 2910 Accesses

Summary

Formocresol pulpotomy was the standard of care when used for vital primary pulp therapy. Concern has been expressed as to the safety of formocresol use in paediatric dentistry. From the published data, available ferric sulphate, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and indirect pulp treatment (IPT) appear to be promising alternatives to the single-visit formocresol pulpotomy for cariously exposed vital primary molar teeth. Ferric sulphate use is technique-sensitive and MTA has cost implications. The modified stepwise excavation technique is discussed as an alternative to IPT to prevent pulpal exposure in teeth with deep caries. Desensitising pulp therapies and pulpectomy procedures are also discussed as alternative options when trying to maintain a deciduous tooth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Fuks AB, Chosack A, Klein H, Eidelman E. Partial pulpotomy as a treatment alternative for exposed pulps in crown-fractured permanent incisors. Dent Traumatol. 1987;3:100–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chailertvanitkul P, Papungkornkit J, Sooksantisakoonchai N, Pumas N, Pairojamornyoot W, Leela-apiradee N, & Abbott PV. Randomised control trial comparing calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate for partial pulpotomies in cariously-exposed pulps of permanent molars. Int Endod J. 2014;47(9);835–42.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bjørndal L, Reit C, Bruun G, Markvart M, Kjældgaard M, Näsman P, Thordrup M, Dige I, Nyvad B, Fransson H, Lager A, Ericson D, Petersson K, Olsson J, Santimano EM, Wennström A, Winkel P, Gluud C. Treatment of deep caries lesions in adults: randomized clinical trials comparing stepwise vs. direct complete excavation, and direct pulp capping vs. partial pulpotomy. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010;118:290–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Dummer PMH, Hicks R, Huws D. Clinical signs and symptoms in pulp disease. Int Endod J. 1980;13(1):27–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Patel B. Examination and diagnosis. In: Patel B. Endodontic Diagnosis, Pathology and Treatment planning. Mastering clinical practice. Switzerland: Springer; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Baume LJ, Holz J. Long term clinical assessment of direct pulp capping. Int Dent J. 1981;31:251–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Michaelson PL, Holland GR. Is pulpitis painful? Int Endod J. 2002;35:829–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Andreasen JO, Bakland LK, Flores MT, Andreasen FM, and Andersson L. Traumatic dental injuries: a manual. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Klein H. Pulpal responses to electric pulp stimulator in the developing permanent anterior dentition. J Dent Child. 1978;45:199–202.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Fuss Z, Trowbridge H, Bender IB, Rickoff B. Assessment of reliability of electric and thermal pulp testing agents. J Endod. 1986;12:301–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Duggal MS, Nooh A, High A. Response of the primary pulp to inflammation: a review of the Leeds studies and structural challenges for the future. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2002;3:111–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Duggal MS, Gautam SK, Nichol R, Robertson AS. Paediatric dentistry in the new millennium: 1. Quality care for children. Dent Update. 2003;30:230–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Fanning E. Effect of extraction of deciduous molars on the formation and eruption of their successors. Angle Orthod. 1962;32:44.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cvek M, Cleaton-Jones PE, Austin JC, Andreasen JO. Pulp reactions to exposure after experimental crown fractures or grinding in adult monkeys. J Endod. 1982;8:391–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Shabahang S. Treatment options: Apexogenesis and Apexification. J Endod. 2013;39(3):S26–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Coll JA. Indirect pulp capping and primary teeth: is the primary tooth pulpotomy out of date? J Endod. 2008;34:S34–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bjorndal L. Indirect pulp therapy and stepwise excavation. J Endod. 2008;34:S29–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Goldberg M, Smith AJ. Cells and extracellular matrices of dentin and pulp: a biological basis for repair and tissue engineering. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15(1):13–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Whitworth JM, Myers PM, Smith J, Walls AWG, McCabe JF. Endodontic complications after plastic restorations in general practice. Int Endod J. 2005;38:409–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Leskell E, Ridell K, Cvek M, Majare I. Pulp exposure after stepwise vs direct complete excavation of deep carious lesions in young posterior teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1996;12:192–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Bjorndal L, Larsen T, Thylstrup A. A clinical and microbiological study of deep carious lesions during stepwise excavation using long term treatment intervals. Caries Res. 1997;31:411–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ng YL, Mann V, Gulabivala K. A prospective study of the factors affecting outcomes of nonsurgical root canal treatment: part 1: periapical health. Int Endo J. 2010;44(7):583–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Cho SY, Seo DG, Lee SJ, Lee J, Lee SJ, Jung IY. Prognostic factors for clinical outcomes according to time after direct pulp capping. J Endod. 2013;39(3):327–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Al-Zayer MA, Straffon LH, Feigal RJ, Welch KB. Indirect pulp treatment of primary posterior teeth: a retrospective study. Paediatr Dent. 2003;25:29–36.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Guelmann M, Bookmyer KL, Villalta P, Garcia-Godoy F. Microleakage of restorative techniques for pulpotomised primary molars. J Dent Child. 2004;71:209–11.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kindelan SA, Day P, Nichol R, Willmott N, Fayle SA. UK National Clinical Guidelines in Paediatric Dentistry: stainless steel preformed crowns for primary molars. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008;18:20–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Simon S, Perard M, Zanini M, Smith AJ, Charpentier E, Djole SX, Lumley PJ. Should pulp chamber pulpotomy be seen as a permanent treatment? Some preliminary thoughts. Int Endod J. 2013;46:79–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rodd HD, Waterhouse PJ, Fuks AB, Fayle SA, Moffat MA. Pulp therapy for primary molars. Int J Paed Dent. 2006;16(s1):15–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Milnes A. Is Formocresol Obsolete? A fresh look at the evidence concerning safety issues. J Endod. 2008;34:S40–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Erdem AP, Guven Y, Balli B, Ilhan B, Sepet E, Ulukapi I, Aktoren O. Success rates of mineral trioxide aggregate, ferric sulfate, and formocresol pulpotomies: a 24-month study. Pediatr Dent. 2011;33(2):165–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Parirokh M, Torabinejad M. Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature review—part I: chemical, physical, and antibacterial properties. J Endod. 2010;36(1):16–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Fernández CC, Martínez SS, Jimeno FG, Lorente Rodríguez AI, Mercadé M. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of the use of four dressing materials in pulpotomized primary molars: a randomized clinical trial with 2‐year follow‐up. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2013;23:400–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Garcia-Godoy F. A 42-month evaluation of glutaraldehyde pulpotomies in primary teeth. J Pedod. 1986;10:148–55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hansen HP, Ravn JJ, Ulrich D. Vital pulpotomy in primary molars. a clinical and histological investigation of the effect of zinc-oxide eugenol cement and Ledermix. Scand J Dent Res. 1971;79:13–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Llewelyn DR. UK National Guidelines in Paediatric Dentistry: the pulp treatment of the primary dentition. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2000;10:248–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kubota K, Golden BE, Penugonda B. Root canal filling materials for primary teeth: a review of the literature. ASDC J Dent Child. 1992;58:225–7.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Mortazavi M, Mesbahi M. Comparison of zinc oxide and eugenol, and Vitapex for root canal treatment of necrotic primary teeth. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2004;14:417–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Bergenholtz G, Axelsson S, Davidson T, Frisk F, Hakeberg M, Kvist T, Norland A, Petersson A, Portenier I, Sandberg H, Tranaeus S, Mejare I. Treatment of pulps in teeth affected by deep caries – a systematic review of the literature. Singapore Dent J. 2013;34(1):1–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brindabella Specialist Centre, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Bobby Patel BDS MFDS MClinDent MRD MRACDS (Specialist Endodontist)

Authors
  1. Bobby Patel BDS MFDS MClinDent MRD MRACDS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bobby Patel BDS MFDS MClinDent MRD MRACDS .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Forrest, Aust Capital Terr, Australia

    Bobby Patel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Patel, B. (2016). Endodontics in the Deciduous/Mixed Dentition. In: Patel, B. (eds) Endodontic Treatment, Retreatment, and Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19476-9_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19476-9_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19475-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19476-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation