Abstract
The outer Milky Way stellar structure known as “The Monoceros Ring” was discovered in imaging data in 2002. Since then, numerous photometric and spectroscopic explorations of this structure, some 18 kpc from the Galactic center and at low Galactic latitudes, have led to a rich discussion in the field on its composition, possible origins, and relevance for theories of galaxy formation and studies of dark matter. This substructure was initially thought to be either a tidal stream from a disrupted dwarf galaxy or the result of a warping and flaring of the Milky Way disk. A newer conjecture is that the structure is due to disk oscillations, possibly caused by a massive Milky Way satellite passing through the disk.
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Notes
- 1.
These labels can be dissected as: “S” for stream, followed by the Galactic longitude at which the overdensity is identified, followed by the (signed) Galactic latitude of the overdensity, and then finally with the apparent magnitude of the overdensity in turnoff stars (which have an absolute magnitude of \(M_{g} \sim 4.2\), and so a rough distance modulus can be determined). The three-dimensional naming scheme allowed the marking of star overdensities that could later be connected together to trace streams across the sky. The apparent magnitude was used instead of distance because it could be measured directly, while the distance was likely to change each time the distance scale was recalibrated. Ultimately, this naming scheme fell into disuse, as the labels of these overdensities were difficult to say and remember.
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Acknowledgements
Brian Yanny acknowledges support from the DOE Office of Science. Heidi Jo Newberg was partially supported by grants NSF AST 14-09421 and NSF AST 09-37523, by the MilkyWay@home volunteers and supporters, and in particular by Manit Limlamai, Babette Josephs, Lee Newberg, the Marvin Clan, and the 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics.
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Yanny, B., Newberg, H.J. (2016). The Monoceros Ring, and Other Substructure Near the Galactic Plane. In: Newberg, H., Carlin, J. (eds) Tidal Streams in the Local Group and Beyond. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 420. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19336-6_3
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