Abstract
In this chapter we first review recent developments in the use of copulas for studying dependence structures between variables. We discuss and illustrate the concepts of unconditional and conditional copulas and association measures, in a bivariate setting. Statistical inference for conditional and unconditional copulas is discussed, in various modeling settings. Modeling the dynamics in a dependence structure between time series is of particular interest. For this we present a semiparametric approach using local polynomial approximation for the dynamic time parameter function. Throughout the chapter we provide some illustrative examples. The use of the proposed dynamical modeling approach is demonstrated in the analysis and forecast of wind speed data.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
Datasets can be obtained from the web site of the Bonneville Power Administration under http://transmission.bpa.gov/Business/Operations/Wind/MetData.aspx.
References
Abegaz, F., Gijbels, I., & Veraverbeke, N. (2012). Semiparametric estimation of conditional copulas. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Special Issue on “Copula Modeling and Dependence”, 110, 43–73.
Acar, E. F., Craiu, R. V., & Yao, F. (2011). Dependence calibration in conditional copulas: A nonparametric approach. Biometrics, 67, 445–453.
Acar, E. F., Genest, C., & Nešlehová, J. (2012). Beyond simplified pair-copula constructions. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Special Issue on “Copula Modeling and Dependence”, 110, 74–90.
Blomqvist, N. (1950). On a measure of dependence between two random variables. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 21, 593–600.
Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31, 307–327.
Chen, S. C., & Huang, T.-M. (2007). Nonparametric estimation of copula functions for dependence modelling. The Canadian Journal of Statistics, 35, 265–282.
Cherubini, U., & Luciano, E. (2001). Value-at-risk trade-off and capital allocation with copulas. Economic Notes, 30, 235–256.
Cherubini, U., Mulinacci, S., Gobbi, F., & Romagnoli S. (2011). Dynamic copula methods in finance. New York: Wiley.
Darsow, W. F., Nguyen, B., & Olsen, E. T. (1992). Copulas and Markov processes. Illinois Journal of Mathematics, 36, 600–642.
Deheuvels, P. (1979). La fonction de dépendance empirique et ses propriétés. Académie Royale de Belgique, Bulletin de la Classe des Sciences, 5e Série, 65, 274–292.
Demarta, S., & McNeil, A. J. (2005). The t copula and related copulas. International Statistical Review, 73, 111–129.
Fan, J., & Gijbels, I. (1996). Local polynomial modelling and its applications. London: Chapman and Hall.
Fan, J., Farmen, M., & Gijbels, I. (1998). Local maximum likelihood estimation and inference. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 60, 591–608.
Fermanian, J.-D., Radulović, D., & Wegkamp, M. (2004). Weak convergence of empirical copula processes. Bernoulli, 10, 847–860.
Genest, C., Ghoudi, K., & Rivest, L.-P. (1995). A semiparametric estimation procedure of dependence parameters in multivariate families of distributions. Biometrika, 82, 543–552.
Gini, C. (1909). Concentration and dependency ratios (in Italian). English translation in Rivista di Politica Economica, 87, 769–789 (1997).
Gini, C. (1912). Variability and mutability (in Italian, 156 p.). Bologna: C. Cuppini. (Reprinted in E. Pizetti & T. Salvemini (Eds.), Memorie di metodologica statistica. Rome: Libreria Eredi Virgilio Veschi (1955))
Gijbels, I., & Mielniczuk, J. (1990). Estimating the density of a copula function. Communications in Statistics – Theory and Methods, 19, 445–464.
Gijbels, I., Omelka, M., & Veraverbeke, N. (2012). Multivariate and functional covariates and conditional copulas. Electronic Journal of Statistics, 6, 1273–1306.
Gijbels, I., Veraverbeke, N., & Omelka, M. (2011). Conditional copulas, association measures and their applications. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 55, 1919–1932.
Gneiting, T., Larson, K., Westrick, K., Genton, M., & Aldrich, E. (2006). Calibrated probabilistic forecasting at the stateline wind energy center: The regime-switching-space-time method. Journal of the American Statistical Society, 101, 968–979.
Hafner, C., & Reznikova, O. (2010). Efficient estimation of a semiparametric dynamic copula model. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 54, 2609–2627.
Hall, P., Wolff, R. C. L., & Yao, Q. (1999). Methods for estimating a conditional distribution function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94, 154–163.
Hobæk Haff, I., Aas, K., & Frigessi, A. (2010). On the simplified pair-copula construction – Simply useful or too simplistic? Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 101, 1296–1310.
Hollander, M., & Wolfe, D. A. (1999). Nonparametric statistical methods (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
Joe, H. (2005). Asymptotic efficiency of the two-stage estimation method for copula-based models. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 94, 401–419.
Kruskal, W. H. (1958). Ordinal measures of association. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53, 814–861.
Nelsen, R. B. (2006). An introduction to copulas (Lecture notes in statistics, 2nd ed.). New York: Springer.
Omelka, M., Gijbels, I., & Veraverbeke, N. (2009). Improved kernel estimation of copulas: Weak convergence and goodness-of-fit testing. The Annals of Statistics, 37, 3023–3058.
Patton, A. (2006). Modeling asymmetric exchange rate dependence. International Economical Review, 47, 527–556.
Patton, A. (2012). A review of copula models for economic time series. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 110, 4–18.
Segers, J. (2012). Weak convergence of empirical copula processes under nonrestrictive smoothness assumptions. Bernoulli, 18, 764–782.
Segers, J., van den Akker, R., & Werker, B. J. M. (2014). Semiparametric gaussian copula models: Geometry and efificent rank-based estimation. Annals of Statistics, 42(5), 1911–1940.
Sklar, A. (1959). Fonctions de répartition à n dimensions et leurs marges. Publications de L’Institut de Statistique de L’Université de Paris, 8, 229–231.
Stute, W. (1986). On almost sure convergence of conditional empirical distribution functions. The Annals of Statistics, 14, 891–901.
Tatsu, J., Pinson, P., Madsen, H. (2015). Space-time trajectories of wind power generation: Parametrized precision matrices under a Gaussian copula approach. Lecture Notes in Statistics 217: Modeling and Stochastic Learning for Forecasting in High Dimension, 267–296.
Van Keilegom, I., & Veraverbeke, N. (1997). Estimation and bootstrap with censored data in fixed design nonparametric regression. The Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 49, 467–491.
Veraverbeke, N., Gijbels, I., & Omelka, M. (2014). Pre-adjusted nonparametric estimation of a conditional distribution function. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 76, 399–438.
Veraverbeke, N., Omelka, M., & Gijbels, I. (2011). Estimation of a conditional copula and association measures. The Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 38, 766–780.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the organizers of the “Second workshop on Industry Practices for Forecasting” (wipfor 2013) for a very simulating meeting. This research is supported by IAP Research Network P7/06 of the Belgian State (Belgian Science Policy), and the project GOA/12/014 of the KU Leuven Research Fund. The third author is Postdoctoral Fellow of the Research Foundation – Flanders, and acknowledges support from the foundation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gijbels, I., Herrmann, K., Sznajder, D. (2015). Flexible and Dynamic Modeling of Dependencies via Copulas. In: Antoniadis, A., Poggi, JM., Brossat, X. (eds) Modeling and Stochastic Learning for Forecasting in High Dimensions. Lecture Notes in Statistics(), vol 217. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18732-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18732-7_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18731-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18732-7
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)