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Acute Lower Extremity Injuries in Pediatric and Adolescent Sports

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Injury in Pediatric and Adolescent Sports

Part of the book series: Contemporary Pediatric and Adolescent Sports Medicine ((PASM))

Abstract

The lower limb is frequently involved in acute sports-related injuries. More than 50 % of all sports injuries involve the lower limb. The knee and ankle are most frequently injured. Ankle sprains are the most common injuries in all sports, accounting for 15 % of all reported injuries, while the knee is the most common severely injured, accounting for 44.6 % of all surgeries. As the number of children and adolescents participating in competitive sports is growing, soft tissue injuries of the knee are becoming more common. In about 50–70 % of cases of knee hemarthrosis, an ACL tear is present. Physeal fractures are common injuries in children and adolescents participating in contact sports, and they can lead to disturbances in growth such as limb length discrepancy. The distal femur and distal tibia are the most frequently involved. Apophyseal avulsion fractures of the pelvis are more common in adolescent sprinters, distance runners, and soccer and tennis players, and they are the result of a sudden forceful concentric or eccentric contraction of the muscle attached to the apophysis. Muscular injuries and acute compartment syndrome are also lower limb injuries that can occur as a result of sport participation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy

    Nicola Maffulli MD, PhD, FRCS (Orth)

  2. Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG, UK

    Nicola Maffulli MD, PhD, FRCS (Orth)

  3. Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, School of Medicine, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Alessio Giai Via MD & Francesco Oliva MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Nicola Maffulli MD, PhD, FRCS (Orth)
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  2. Alessio Giai Via MD
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  3. Francesco Oliva MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Nicola Maffulli MD, PhD, FRCS (Orth) .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA

    Dennis Caine

  2. McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    Laura Purcell

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Maffulli, N., Giai Via, A., Oliva, F. (2016). Acute Lower Extremity Injuries in Pediatric and Adolescent Sports. In: Caine, D., Purcell, L. (eds) Injury in Pediatric and Adolescent Sports. Contemporary Pediatric and Adolescent Sports Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18141-7_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18141-7_8

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