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Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma

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Kidney Cancer

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Abstract

Incidence rates of renal cell carcinoma, the predominant form of kidney cancer, have been rising for several decades worldwide. In the United States, this is partly reflected by the increase in reports of incidental diagnosis, including diagnosis of early-stage and smaller tumors. These patterns are likely due to increased diagnostic capability with imaging techniques. However, the interplay of genetic and environmental factors may account for the geographic, racial, and gender variation of renal cell carcinoma prevalence. The most established risk factors are smoking, excess body weight, and hypertension. Family history is associated with a two- to fourfold increase in risk, but the inherited syndromes together account for less than 4 % of renal cell carcinomas. Several genes, such as VHL and MET, have been identified through investigation of familial kidney cancer syndromes and have been targets for therapy. Other risk factors such as reproductive and hormonal factors, occupational exposures, and dietary habits have also been implicated, but the evidence remains inconclusive. The multifactorial nature of renal cell carcinoma requires that further studies are conducted to explain underlying factors that may influence individual risk and to elucidate complex relationships between potential genetic, lifestyle, and environmental elements on cancer development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Sujata Narayanan MD, MS, Alice Fan MD & Sandy Srinivas MD

  2. Acerta Pharma, San Carlos, CA, USA

    Priti H. Patel MD

Authors
  1. Sujata Narayanan MD, MS
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  2. Priti H. Patel MD
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  3. Alice Fan MD
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  4. Sandy Srinivas MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sandy Srinivas MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology - Oncology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer center, Sacramento, California, USA

    Primo N. Lara

  2. Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Eric Jonasch

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Narayanan, S., Patel, P.H., Fan, A., Srinivas, S. (2015). Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. In: Lara, P., Jonasch, E. (eds) Kidney Cancer. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17903-2_1

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