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Effects of Regular Exercise on Arterial Stiffness

  • Chapter
Effects of Exercise on Hypertension

Part of the book series: Molecular and Translational Medicine ((MOLEMED))

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of deaths in most industrialized countries. The most prominent change in the blood vessels that can contribute to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is the stiffening or hardening of arteries. Regular physical activity has been recommended as a lifestyle modification for cardiovascular disease. Aerobic (endurance) exercise and resistance (strength) exercise training appear to exert distinct effects on the arterial elasticity. Regular aerobic exercise is effective in preventing and reversing arterial stiffening associated with aging. Endurance training-induced increases in arterial compliance are mediated, at least in part, through the removal of chronic restraint provided by vasoconstrictor tone, and multiple mechanisms are likely involved in the destiffening process. In contrast to the effects of aerobic exercise, an intervention incorporating strenuous resistance training increases, rather than decreases, arterial stiffness in young adults. However, the arterial stiffening effect appears to be absent when older adults with already increased arterial stiffness perform moderate resistance exercise programs.

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Abbreviations

AHA:

American Heart Association

AI:

Augmentation index

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

PWV:

Pulse wave velocity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd, D3700, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

    Hirofumi Tanaka Ph.D.

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  1. Hirofumi Tanaka Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Hirofumi Tanaka Ph.D. .

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  1. Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut Department of Kinesiology &, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

    Linda S. Pescatello

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Tanaka, H. (2015). Effects of Regular Exercise on Arterial Stiffness. In: Pescatello, L. (eds) Effects of Exercise on Hypertension. Molecular and Translational Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17076-3_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17076-3_8

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