Abstract
In recent decades, polysaccharides have come to play an important role in pharmaceutical science, among them in the domain of nanotechnology. As a result, there is an increased interest in their isolation, synthesis, modification, characterization, and application in this relevant new topic in nanotechnology. This has led to the use of modified polysaccharides in changing nanocomposite morphology and properties. Delivery of hydrophobic molecules, drugs, and proteins is difficult due to poor bioavailability following administration. Thus, modifications to natural polymeric carrier systems are being investigated to improve drug solubility, stability, and induced toxicity. Due to problems of toxicity and immunogenicity, natural modified polysaccharides are being explored as substitutes for synthetic polymers in the development of new drug-delivery systems, such as coating or copolymer material. By conjugating different entities to the polysaccharide backbone, resultant materials can be used for preparing self-assembled micelles, coating polymeric microspheres, and self-reorganized nanostructures, improving drug release in tumoral areas.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agnihotri SA, Mallikarjuna NN, Aminabhavi TM (2004) Recent advances on chitosan-based micro- and nanoparticles in drug delivery. J Control Release 100:5–28
Aiping Z, Tian C, Lanhua Y, Hao W, Ping L (2006) Synthesis and characterization of N-succinyl-chitosan and its self-assembly of nanospheres. Carbohydr Polym 66:274–279
Akhlaghi SP, Saremi S, Ostad SN, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F (2010) Discriminated effects of thiolated chitosan-coated pMMA paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles on different normal and cancer cell lines. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 6:689–697
Alexis F, Rhee JW, Richie JP, Radovic-Moreno AF, Langer R, Farokhzad OC (2008) New frontiers in nanotechnology for cancer treatment. Urol Oncol 26:74–85
Allan CR, Hadwiger LA (1979) The fungicidal effect of chitosan on fungi of varying cell wall composition. Exp Mycol 3(3):285–287. doi:10.1016/S0147-5975(79)80054-7, Elsevier.
Alves A, Sousa RA, Reis RL (2013) In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of ulvan, a polysaccharide extracted from green algae. Phytother Res 27:1143–1148
Angelopoulou A, Efthimiadou EK, Kordas G (2012) Dextran modified pH sensitive silica hydro-xerogels as promising drug delivery scaffolds. Mater Lett 74:50–53
Arruebo M, Fernández-Pacheco R, Ibarra MR, Santamaría J (2007) Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nano Today 2:22–32
Auzély-Velty R, Rinaudo M (2003) Synthesis of starch derivatives with labile cationic groups. Int J Biol Macromol 31:123–129
Bodnar M, Hartmann JF, Borbely J (2005) Preparation and characterization of chitosan-based nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 6:2521–2527
Byrne JD, Betancourt T, Brannon-Peppas L (2008) Active targeting schemes for nanoparticle systems in cancer therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:1615–1626
Cai T, Hu Z, Ponder B, St. John J, Moro D (2003) Synthesis and study of and controlled release from nanoparticles and their networks based on functionalized hydroxypropylcellulose. Macromolecules 36:6559–6564
Cho HJ, Yoon IS, Yoon HY, Koo H, Jin YJ, Ko SH et al (2012) Polyethylene glycol-conjugated hyaluronic acid-ceramide self-assembled nanoparticles for targeted delivery of doxorubicin. Biomaterials 33:1190–1200
Choochottiros C, Yoksan R, Chirachanchai S (2009) Amphiphilic chitosan nanospheres: factors to control nanosphere formation and its consequent pH responsive performance. Polymer 50:1877–1886
Chourasia MK, Jain SK (2004) Polysaccharides for colon targeted drug delivery. Drug Deliv 11:129–148
Crini G (2005) Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Prog Polym Sci 30:38–70
d’Ayala GG, Malinconico M, Laurienzo P (2008) Marine derived polysaccharides for biomedical applications: chemical modification approaches. Molecules 13:2069–2106
Dash M, Chiellini F, Ottenbrite RM, Chiellini E (2011) Chitosan – a versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 36:981–1014
Doshi N, Mitragotri S (2009) Designer biomaterials for nanomedicine. Adv Funct Mater 19:3843–3854
Du YZ, Wang L, Yuan H, Hu FQ (2011) Linoleic acid-grafted chitosan oligosaccharide micelles for intracellular drug delivery and reverse drug resistance of tumor cells. Int J Biol Macromol 48:215–222
Du YZ, Cai LL, Liu P, You J, Yuan H, Hu FQ (2012) Tumor cells-specific targeting delivery achieved by A54 peptide functionalized polymeric micelles. Biomaterials 33:8858–8867
Edlund U, Albertsson AC (2002) A controlled radical polymerization route to polyepoxidated grafted hemicellulose materials), Polimery 2014, No 1, 60. doi:dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2014.06
Felt O, Buri P, Gurny R (1998) Chitosan: a unique polysaccharide for drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 24:979–993
Ganji F, Abdekhodaie MJ (2008) Synthesis and characterization of a new thermosensitive chitosan–PEG diblock copolymer. Carbohydr Polym 74:435–441
Gonera A, Goclik V, Baum M, Mischnick P (2002) Preparation and structural characterisation of O-aminopropyl starch and amylose. Carbohydr Res 337:2263–2272
Gref R, Minamitake Y, Peracchia M, Trubetskoy V, Torchilin V, Langer R (1994) Biodegradable long-circulating polymeric nanospheres. Science 263:1600–1603
Gupta KC, Jabrail FH (2006) Glutaraldehyde and glyoxal cross-linked chitosan microspheres for controlled delivery of centchroman. Carbohydr Res 341:744–756
Hsieh M-F, Van Cuong N, Chen C-H, Chen YT, Yeh J-M (2008) Nano-sized micelles of block copolymers of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone)- graft-2-hydroxyethyl cellulose for doxorubicin delivery. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 8:2362–2368
Huang S-T, Du Y-Z, Yuan H, Zhang X-G, Miao J, Cui F-D et al (2011) Synthesis and anti-hepatitis B virus activity of acyclovir conjugated stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide micelle. Carbohydr Polym 83:1715–1722
Huang X, Jiang XH, Hu FQ, Du YZ, Zhu QF, Jin CS (2012) In vitro antitumour activity of stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide polymeric micelles loading podophyllotoxin. J Microencapsul 29:1–8
Ilium L (1998) Chitosan and its use as a pharmaceutical excipient. Pharm Res 15:1326–1331
Jain AJYGSK (2007) Perspectives of biodegradable natural polysaccharides for site-specific drug delivery to the colon. J Pharm Pharm Sci 10:86–128
Jameela SR, Jayakrishnan A (1995) Glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan microspheres as a long acting biodegradable drug delivery vehicle: studies on the in vitro release of mitoxantrone and in vivo degradation of microspheres in rat muscle. Biomaterials 16:769–775
Janes KA, Calvo P, Alonso MJ (2001a) Polysaccharide colloidal particles as delivery systems for macromolecules. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 47:83–97
Janes KA, Fresneau MP, Marazuela A, Fabra A, Alonso MJ (2001b) Chitosan nanoparticles as delivery systems for doxorubicin. J Control Release 73:255–267
Jeanes A, Pittsley JE, Senti FR (1961) Polysaccharide B-1459: a new hydrocolloid polyelectrolyte produced from glucose by bacterial fermentation. J Appl Polym Sci 5:519–526
Jiang G-B, Lin Z-T, Xu X-J, Hai Z, Song K (2012) Stable nanomicelles based on chitosan derivative: in vitro antiplatelet aggregation and adhesion properties. Carbohydr Polym 88:232–238
Joke Vandorpe ESU, Dunn S, Hawley A, Stolnik S, Davis SS, Garnett MC, Davies MC, Illum L (1997) Long circulating biodegradable poly(phosphazene) nanoparticles surface modified with poly(phosphazene) poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer. Biomaterials 18:1147–1152
Jones MN (1994) Carbohydrate-mediated liposomal targeting and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 13:215–249
Kamel S (2008) Pharmaceutical significance of cellulose: a review. Expr Polym Lett 2:758–778
Kean T, Thanou M (2010) Biodegradation, biodistribution and toxicity of chitosan. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62:3–11
Kemp MM, Linhardt RJ (2010) Heparin-based nanoparticles. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2:77–87
Kim GNS (2005) Targeted cancer nanotherapy. Nano Today 8:28–33
Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, Bohn A (2005) Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 44:3358–3393
Kong M, Chen XG, Xing K, Park HJ (2010) Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review. Int J Food Microbiol 144:51–63
Kumari A, Yadav SK, Yadav SC (2010) Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 75:1–18
Ladaviere C, Averlant-Petit MC, Fabre O, Durand A, Dellacherie E, Marie E (2007) Preparation of polysaccharide-coated nanoparticles by emulsion polymerization of styrene. Colloid Polym Sci 285:621–630
Le Droumaguet B, Souguir H, Brambilla D, Verpillot R, Nicolas J, Taverna M et al (2011) Selegiline-functionalized, PEGylated poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles: investigation of interaction with amyloid-beta peptide and surface reorganization. Int J Pharm 416:453–460
Lemarchand C, Gref R, Couvreur P (2004) Polysaccharide-decorated nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 58:327–341
Li H, Wang M, Song L, Ge X (2008) Uniform chitosan hollow microspheres prepared with the sulfonated polystyrene particles templates. Colloid Polym Sci 286:819–825
Li F, Li J, Wen X, Zhou S, Tong X, Su P et al (2009) Anti-tumor activity of paclitaxel-loaded chitosan nanoparticles: an in vitro study. Mater Sci Eng C 29:2392–2397
Lin Z-T, Song K, Bin J-p, Liao Y-l, Jiang G-B (2011) Characterization of polymer micelles with hemocompatibility based on N-succinyl-chitosan grafting with long chain hydrophobic groups and loading aspirin. J Mater Chem 21:19153
Liu Z, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Zhou C, Zhang Z (2008) Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:1650–1662
Lu C, Mu B, Liu P (2011) Stimuli-responsive multilayer chitosan hollow microspheres via layer-by-layer assembly. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 83:254–259
Luo Y, Wang Q (2014) Recent development of chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complexes with natural polysaccharides for drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 64:353–367
Ma W-j, Yuan X-b, Kang C-s, Su T, Yuan X-y, Pu P-y (2008) Evaluation of blood circulation of polysaccharide surface-decorated PLA nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 72:75–81
Maier M, Anderson M, Karl C, Magnuson K (2013) Guar. In: WRaB JN (ed) Industrial gums, polysaccharides and their derivatives. Academic, New York
Mansouri S, Cuie Y, Winnik F, Shi Q, Lavigne P, Benderdour M et al (2006) Characterization of folate-chitosan-DNA nanoparticles for gene therapy. Biomaterials 27:2060–2065
Metaxa A-F, Efthimiadou EK, Kordas G (2014) Cytotoxic evaluation in cancer and healthy cells. Mater Lett 132:432–435
Metaxa AF, Efthimiadou EK, Boukos N, Kordas G (2012) Polysaccharides as a source of advanced materials: cellulose hollow microspheres for drug delivery in cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 384:198–206
Mi F-L, Tan Y-C, Liang H-F, Sung H-W (2002) In vivo biocompatibility and degradability of a novel injectable-chitosan-based implant. Biomaterials 23:181–191
Miyazaki T, Kohno S, Sasayama K, Inoue Y, Hara K, Ogasawara M et al (1992) Polysaccharide-coated liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of murine pulmonary candidiasis. Tohoku J Exp Med 168:483–490
Mohanraj VJ, Chen Y (2006) Nanoparticles – a review. Trop J Pharm Res 5:561–573
Moreira JN, Almeida LM, Geraldes CF, Costa ML (1996) Evaluation of in vitro stability of large unilamellar liposomes coated with a modified polysaccharide (O-palmitoylpullulan). J Mater Sci Mater Med 7:301–303
Morille M, Passirani C, Vonarbourg A, Clavreul A, Benoit JP (2008) Progress in developing cationic vectors for non-viral systemic gene therapy against cancer. Biomaterials 29:3477–3496
Mourya VK, Inamdar NN (2008) Chitosan-modifications and applications: opportunities galore. React Funct Polym 68:1013–1051
Necas J, Bartosikova L, Brauner P, Kolar J (2008) Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan): a review. Veterinarni Med 53:397–411
Nigrelli RF, Stempien MF, Ruggieri GD, Liguori VR, Cecil JT (1967) Substances of potential biomedical importance from marine organisms. Fed Proc 26:1197–205
Nurkeeva ZS, Mun GA, Khutoryanskiy VV (2003) Interpolymer complexes of water-soluble nonionic polysaccharides with polycarboxylic acids and their applications. Macromol Biosci 3:283–295
Pankhurst QA, Connolly J, Jones SK, Dobson J (2003) Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J Phys D Appl Phys 36:R167–R181
Park IK, Kim TH, Kim SI, Park YH, Kim WJ, Akaike T et al (2003) Visualization of transfection of hepatocytes by galactosylated chitosan-graft-poly(ethylene glycol)/DNA complexes by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Int J Pharm 257:103–110
Park JH, Saravanakumar G, Kim K, Kwon IC (2010) Targeted delivery of low molecular drugs using chitosan and its derivatives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62:28–41
Patel MP, Patel RR, Patel JK (2010) Chitosan mediated targeted drug delivery system: a review. J Pharm Pharm Sci 13:536–557
Pérez S, Samain D (2010a) Structure and engineering of celluloses. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 64:25–116
Pérez S, Samain D (2010) Structure and engineering of celluloses. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 64:25–116. doi:10.1016/S0065-2318(10)64003-6
Podder SK, Chakraborti A, Vijayalakshmi K, Singh PL (1988) Liposome-bearing glycosphingolipids: model membrane system for studying molecular mechanism of cell surface carbohydrate-mediated processes. Indian J Biochem Biophys 25(1–2):156–165
Qu G, Yao Z, Zhang C, Wu X, Ping Q (2009) PEG conjugated N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan micelles for delivery of paclitaxel: in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 37:98–105
Qu D, Lin H, Zhang N, Xue J, Zhang C (2013) In vitro evaluation on novel modified chitosan for targeted antitumor drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 92:545–554
Rodríguez R, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A (2003) Cationic cellulose hydrogels: kinetics of the cross-linking process and characterization as pH-/ion-sensitive drug delivery systems. J Control Release 86:253–265
Saito G, Swanson JA, Lee K-D (2003) Drug delivery strategy utilizing conjugation via reversible disulfide linkages: role and site of cellular reducing activities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55:199–215
Salata O (2004) Applications of nanoparticles in biology and medicine. J Nanobiotechnol 2:3
Sato T, Sunamoto J (1992) Recent aspects in the use of liposomes in biotechnology and medicine. Prog Lipid Res 31:345–372
Shahidi F, Arachchi JKV, Jeon Y-J (1999) Food applications of chitin and chitosans. Trends Food Sci Technol 10:37–51
Sihorkar V, Vyas SP (2001) Potential of polysaccharide anchored liposomes in drug delivery, targeting and immunization. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 4:138–158
Singh R, Lillard JW Jr (2009) Nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery. Exp Mol Pathol 86:215–223
Sinha VR, Singla AK, Wadhawan S, Kaushik R, Kumria R, Bansal K et al (2004) Chitosan microspheres as a potential carrier for drugs. Int J Pharm 274:1–33
Son Y (2003) Biodistribution and anti-tumor efficacy of doxorubicin loaded glycol-chitosan nanoaggregates by EPR effect. J Control Release 91:135–145
Sonaje K, Lin KJ, Tseng MT, Wey SP, Su FY, Chuang EY et al (2011) Effects of chitosan-nanoparticle-mediated tight junction opening on the oral absorption of endotoxins. Biomaterials 32:8712–8721
Stern R (2003) Devising a pathway for hyaluronan catabolism: are we there yet? Glycobiology 13:105R–115R
Sudimack J, Lee RJ (2000) Targeted drug delivery via the folate receptor. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 41:147–162
Sun Q, Radosz M, Shen Y (2012) Challenges in design of translational nanocarriers. J Control Release 164:156–169
Thanou M, Verhoef JC, Junginger HE (2001) Oral drug absorption enhancement by chitosan and its derivatives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 52:117–126
Torchilin VP (2006) Multifunctional nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 58:1532–1555
Torchilin VP (2007a) Nanocarriers. Pharm Res 24:2333–2334
Torchilin VP (2007b) Targeted pharmaceutical nanocarriers for cancer therapy and imaging. AAPS J 9:E128–E147
Torchilin V (2009) Multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 71:431–444
Torchilin V (2010) Handbook of experimental pharmacology 197 Springer
Varshosaz J, Alinagari aR (2005) Effect of citric acid as cross-linking agent on insulin loaded chitosan microspheres. Iran Polym J 14:647–656
Vauthier C, Bouchemal K (2009) Methods for the preparation and manufacture of polymeric nanoparticles. Pharm Res 26:1025–1058
Wesslén KB, Wesslén B (2002) Synthesis of amphiphilic amylose and starch derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 47:303–311
Williamson RE, Burn JE, Hocart CH (2002) Towards the mechanism of cellulose synthesis. Trends Plant Sci 7:461–467
Wilson B, Samanta MK, Santhi K, Kumar KP, Ramasamy M, Suresh B (2010) Chitosan nanoparticles as a new delivery system for the anti-Alzheimer drug tacrine. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 6:144–152
Wydra K, Rudolph K (1992) Plant toxin analysis modern methods of plant analysis. 13:113–183. doi 10.1007/978-3-662-02783-7_6
Yuan H, Lu LJ, Du YZ, Hu FQ (2011) Stearic acid-g-chitosan polymeric micelle for oral drug delivery: in vitro transport and in vivo absorption. Mol Pharm 8:225–238
Zhang R, Tang M, Bowyer A, Eisenthal R, Hubble J (2005) A novel pH- and ionic-strength-sensitive carboxy methyl dextran hydrogel. Biomaterials 26:4677–4683
Zhang H, Mardyani S, Chan WC, Kumacheva E (2006) Design of biocompatible chitosan microgels for targeted pH-mediated intracellular release of cancer therapeutics. Biomacromolecules 7:1568–1572
Zhang J, Chen XG, Li YY, Liu CS (2007) Self-assembled nanoparticles based on hydrophobically modified chitosan as carriers for doxorubicin. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 3:258–265
Zhang N, Wardwell PR, Bader RA (2013) Polysaccharide-based micelles for drug delivery. Pharmaceutics 5:329–352
Acknowledgments
We thank the European Research Council (ERC) for financial support of this work under the IDEAs Project titled “A Novel Nano-container drug carrier for targeted treatment of prostate cancer” (NANOTHERAPY); reference number 232959.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this entry
Cite this entry
Efthimiadou, E.K., Metaxa, AF., Kordas, G. (2015). Modified Polysaccharides for Drug Delivery. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Polysaccharides. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16297-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16298-0
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics