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Sustainability in LCD Manufacturing, Recycling, and Reuse

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Handbook of Visual Display Technology

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Abstract

This chapter overviews recycling and reuse measures and methods employed to tackle growing concerns associated with potentially large volumes of end-of-life (EOL) thin-film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCDs) entering an ever-increasing electronic waste stream. TFT-LCD recycling is contextualized within the remit of sustainability, electronic waste (e-waste) and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), LCD market trends, the nature and potential volumes of LCD waste, and global legislation. An update in recent LCD recycling technologies is given, and this chapter should be read in conjugation with the publication of Matharu and Wu (Electronic waste management, issues in environmental science and technology, RSC Publishing, Cambridge, 2008). Active or smart disassembly or eco-design for disassembly will not be discussed.

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Abbreviations

A/O:

Anoxic/oxic

CAGR:

Compounded annual growth rate

CCFLs:

Cold cathode fluorescent lamps

CFC:

Chlorofluorocarbon

CRT:

Cathode ray tube

DIC:

Dainippon Ink and Chemicals

DJSI:

Dow Jones Sustainability Index

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

EDIRAK:

Electronic Display Industrial Research Association of Korea

EEE:

Electrical and electronic equipment

EEFLs:

External electrode fluorescent lamps

EM:

Eco-management

EOL:

End of life

EU:

European union

EuP:

Energy-using products

E-Waste:

Electronic waste

FFL:

Flat fluorescent lamps

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

GWP:

Global warming potential

HCFL:

Hot cathode fluorescent lighting

HF:

Hydrogen fluoride

HWL:

Hazardous waste list

IPR:

Individual producer responsibility

ITO:

Mixture of indium(III) oxide (In2O3) and tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) with a typical indium: tin ratio of 90:10 by weight

JEITA:

Japanese Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association

LCA:

Life cycle analysis

LEDs:

Light-emitting diodes

LIREC:

LCD Industries Research Committee

MEA:

Monoethanolamine

MF:

Microfiltration

MMTCE:

Million metric tons of carbon

ODF:

One drop filling

OECD:

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OEM:

Original equipment manufacturer

OLED:

Organic light-emitting diode

PBB:

Polybrominated biphenyl

PBDE:

Polybrominated diphenyl ether

PFCs:

Perfluorocompounds

PP:

Polypropylene

PS:

Polystyrene

REACH:

Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals

REFLATED:

Three-year program to look at recycling and reuse of LCDs supported by the UK government via the Technology Strategy Board

RO:

Reverse osmosis

RoHS:

Restriction of hazardous substances

SDGs:

Sustainable development goals

TFT-LCDs:

Thin-film transistor liquid crystal displays

TMHA:

Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide

TTLA:

Taiwan TFT-LCD Association

TV:

Television

UF:

Ultrafiltration

USEPA:

US Environmental Protection Agency

UV:

Ultraviolet

WEEE:

Waste electrical and electronic equipment

WLICC:

World LCD Industry Cooperation Committee

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, England, YO10 5DD, UK

    Avtar Singh Matharu & Zhanrong Zhang

Authors
  1. Avtar Singh Matharu
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  2. Zhanrong Zhang
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Correspondence to Avtar Singh Matharu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Display Technology Center, Panel Integration Division I, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan

    Janglin Chen

  2. Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom

    Wayne Cranton

  3. Veritas et Visus, Temple, Texas, USA

    Mark Fihn

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Matharu, A.S., Zhang, Z. (2016). Sustainability in LCD Manufacturing, Recycling, and Reuse. In: Chen, J., Cranton, W., Fihn, M. (eds) Handbook of Visual Display Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14346-0_166

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