Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects on Neonate and Breastfeeding

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Epidural Labor Analgesia

  • 1601 Accesses

Abstract

The benefits of breastfeeding for the mother’s and the infant’s short- and long-term well-being have been extensively described and are unchallenged by the medical community [1]. The fetus benefits from improved maternal/infant bonding, protection against infectious disease by improving infant immunity, and better nutritional status [1, 2]. The mother has better involution of the uterus, less postpartum blood loss, reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer, reduced bone demineralization, less risk of developing type II diabetes, and natural contraception [1, 2]. The recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) states clearly that all women should breastfeed their infants exclusively until 6 months of age [3].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Devroe S, Decoster J, Van de Velde M (2009) Breastfeeding and epidural analgesia during labour. Curr Opin Anesthesiol 22:327–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Dalal PG, Bosak J, Cheston B (2014) Safety of the breastfeeding infant after maternal anesthesia. Pediatr Anesth 24:359–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. World Health Organization (2003) Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  4. Breastfeeding report card – United States (2011) August 11, 2011

    Google Scholar 

  5. Shinya I (2000) Drug-therapy for breastfeeding women. N Engl J Med 343:118–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Halpern SH (1999) Effect of labor analgesia on breastfeeding success. Birth 26:2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Quigley MA, Kelly YJ, Sacker A (2007) Breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrheal and respiratory infection in the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort study. Pediatrics 119:e837–e842

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lucas A, Morley R, Cole TJ, Lister G, Leeson-Payne C (1992) Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born preterm. Lancet 339:261–264

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Chertok IR, Shoham-Vardi I (2008) Infant hospitalization and breastfeeding post-Caesarean delivery. Br J Nurs 17:786–991

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Rudnicka AR, Christopher GO, Richards M, Wadsworth MEJ, Strachan DP (2008) Am J Clin Nutr 87:1392–1399

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Duncan JM, Sears MR (2008) Breastfeeding and allergies: time for a change in paradigm? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 8:398–405

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kramer MS, Matush L, Vanilovich I et al (2007) Effect of prolonged and exclusive breast feeding on risk of allergy and asthma: cluster randomised trial. Br Med J 335:815–820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Freeman K, Bonuck KA, Trombley M (2008) Breastfeeding and infant illness in low-income, minority women: a prospective cohort study of the dose-response relationship. J Hum Lact 24:14–22

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. American Academy if Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding (2012) Policy statement: breastfeeding and human milk. Pediatrics 129:e827–e841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Maternal and Child Nutrition (2008) National Institute for health and care excellence (NICE) guidance PH1, pp 11–12

    Google Scholar 

  16. DiGirolamo AM, Grummer-Strawn LM, Fein SB (2008) Effect of maternity-care practices on breastfeeding. Pediatrics 122(S2):S43–S49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Anderson D (2011) A review of systemic opioids commonly used for labour pain relief. J Midwifery Womens Health 56:222–239

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bucklin BA, Hawkins JL, Andeson JR, Ullrich FA (2005) Obstetric anesthesia workforce survey: twenty year update. Anesthesiology 103:645–653

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Saravanakumar K, Garstang JS, Hasan K (2007) Intravenous patient controlled analgesia for labour: a survey of UK practice. Int J Obstet Anest 16:221–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Tveit TO, Halvorsen A, Rosland JH (2009) Analgesia for labour: a survey of Norwegian practice – with a focus on parenteral opioids. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 53:794–799

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lavand’homme P, Roelants F (2009) Patient controlled intravenous analgesia as an alternative to epidural analgesia during labor: questioning the use of the short acting opioid remifentanil. Survey in the French part of Belgium (Wallonia and Brussels). Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 60:75–82

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Olofsson C, Ekblom A, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Granstrom L, Irestedt L (1996) Lack of analgesic effect of systemically administered morphine or pethidine on labour pain. Br J Obstet Gynecol 103:968–972

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Riordan J, Gross A, Angeron J, Krumwiede B, Melin J (2000) The effect of labor pain relief medication on neonatal suckling and breastfeeding duration. J Hum Lact 16:7–12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Wittels B, Scott DT, Sinatra RS (1990) Exogenous opioids in human breast milk and acute neonatal behavior: a preliminary study. Anesthesiology 73:864–869

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Wittels B, Glosten B, Faure EA et al (1997) Postcesarean analgesia with both epidural morphine and intravenous patient controlled analgesia: neurobehavioral outcomes among nursing neonates. Anesth Analg 85:600–606

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Nissen E, Widstrom AM, Lilja G et al (1997) Effects of routinely given pethidine during labour on infants’ developing breastfeeding behavior: effects of dose-delivery time interval and various concentrations of pethidine/norpethidine in cord plasma. Acta Paediatr 86:201–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Steer PL, Biddle CJ, Marley WS, Mantz RK, Sulik PL (1992) Concentration of fentanyl in colostrum after an analgesic dose. Can J Anaesth 39:231–235

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Leuschen MP, Wolf LJ, Rayburn WF (1990) Fentanyl excretion in breast milk. Clin Pharm 9:336–337

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ngan Kee WD, Khan KS, Ma KC, Wong AS, Lee BB, Ng FF (2006) Maternal and neonatal effects of remifentanil at induction of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Anesthesiology 104:14–20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kan RE, Hughes SC, Rosen MA, Kessin C, Preston PG, Lobo EP (1998) Intravenous remifentanil: placental transfer, maternal and neonatal effects. Anesthesiology 88:1467–1474

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Evron S, Glezerman M, Sadan O, Boaz M, Ezri T (2005) Remifentanil: a novel systemic analgesic for labor pain. Anesth Analg 100:233–238

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Reynolds F (2010) The effects of maternal labour analgesia on the fetus. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 24:289–302

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Rooks JP (2011) Safety and risks of nitrous oxide labor analgesia: a review. J Midwifery Womens Health 56:557–565

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Rosen MA (2002) Nitrous oxide for relief of labor pain: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186:S110–S126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hugh R (1986) Maternal hyperventilation and the fetus. J Perinat Med 14:3–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Motoyama EK, Rivard G, Acheson F, Cook CD (1966) Adverse effect of maternal hyperventilation on the foetus. Lancet 1:286–288

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Thalme B, Belfrage P, Raabe N (1974) Lumbar epidural analgesia in labour. Acid-base balance and clinical condition of mother, fetus and newborn child. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 53:27–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Minnich ME, Brown M, Clark RB (1990) Oxygen desaturation in women in labor. J Reprod Med 35:693–696

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Lederman RP, Lederman E, Work BA Jr, McCann DS (1978) The relationship of maternal anxiety, plasma catecholamines and plasma cortisol to progress in labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 132:495–500

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Ohno H, Yamashita K, Yahata T, Doi R, Kawamura M (1986) Maternal plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cyclic nucleotides during labor and following delivery. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 51:183–194

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Segal S, Wang SY (2008) The effect of maternal catecholamines on the caliber of gravid uterine microvessels. Anesth Analg 106:888–892

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Cascio M, Pygon B, Bernett C, Ramanathan S (1995) Effects of intrathecal fentanyl on plasma catecholamine levels in term laboring parturients. Anesthesiology 83:A493

    Google Scholar 

  43. Eberle R, Kinsella SM, Arrison E (1995) Maternal plasma catecholamine concentrations after labor analgesia with intrathecal sufentanil. Anesthesiology 83:A971

    Google Scholar 

  44. Griffin R, Reynolds F (1995) Maternal hypoxaemia during labour and delivery: the influence of analgesia and effect on neonatal outcome. Anaesthesia 50:151–156

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Van de Velde M, Teunkens A, Hanssens M, Vandermeersch E, Verhaeghe J (2004) Intrathecal opioids and fetal heart rate abnormalities: a double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial comparing two forms of combined spinal epidural analgesia with epidural analgesia in labor. Anesth Analg 98(4):1153–1159

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Leighton BL, Halpern SH (2002) The effects of epidural analgesia in labor, maternal and neonatal outcome: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186:S69–S77

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Szabo AL (2013) Intrapartum neuraxial analgesia and breastfeeding outcomes: limitations of current knowledge. Anesth Analg 116:399–405

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Torvaldsen S, Roberts CL, Simpson JM, Thompson JF, Ellwood DA (2006) Intrapartum epidural analgesia and breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study. Int Breastfeed J 1:24

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Camann W (2007) Labor analgesia and breast feeding: avoid parenteral narcotics and provide lactation support. Int J Obstet Anest 16:199–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Volmanen P, Valanne J, Alahuhta S (2004) Breastfeeding problems after epidural analgesia for labour: a retrospective cohort study of pain, obstetrical procedures and breast-feeding practices. Int J Obstet Anest 13:25–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Dozier AM, Howard CR, Brownell ER, Wissler RN, Glantz JL, Ternullo SR, Thevenet-Morrison KN, Childs CK, Lawrence RA (2013) Labour epidural anesthesia, obstetric factors and breastfeeding cessation. Matern Child Health J 17:689–698

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Henderson JJ, Dickinson JE, Evans SF, McDonald SJ, Paech MJ (2003) Impact of intrapartum epidural analgesia on breastfeeding duration. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 43:372–377

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Wiklund I, Norman M, Uvnas-Moberg K, Ransjo-Arvidson AB, Andolf E (2009) Epidural analgesia: breastfeeding success and related factors. Midwifery 25:e31–e38

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Beilin Y, Bodian CA, Weiser J, Hossain S, Arnold I, Feierman DE, Martin G, Holzman I (2005) Effect of labor epidural analgesia with and without fentanyl on infant breastfeeding. Anesthesiology 103:1211–1217

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Gizzo S, Di Gangi S, Saccardi C, Patrelli TS, Paccagnella G, Sansone L, Barbara F, D’Antona D, Nardelli GB (2012) Epidural analgesia during labor: impact on delivery outcome, neonatal well-being and early breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med 7:262–268

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Bai DL, Wu KM, Tarrant M (2013) Association between intapartum interventions and breastfeeding duration. J Midwifery Womens Health 58:25–32

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Chang ZM, Heaman MI (2005) Epidural analgesia during labor and delivery: effects on the initiation and continuation of effective breastfeeding. J Hum Lact 21:305–321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Halpern SH, Levine T, Wilson DB, MacDonnell J, Katsiris SE, Leighton BL (1999) Effect of labor analgesia on breastfeeding success. Birth 26:83–88

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Radzyminski S (2003) The effect of ultra low dose epidural analgesia on newborn breastfeeding behaviors. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 32:322–331

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Wieczorek PM, Guest S, Balki M, Shah V, Carvalho JCA (2010) Breastfeeding success rate after vaginal delivery can be high despite the use of epidural fentanyl: an observational cohort study. Int J Obstet Anest 19:273–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Wilson MJA, MacArthur C, Cooper GM, Bick D, Moore PAS, Shennan A (2010) Epidural analgesia and breastfeeding: a randomized controlled trial of epidural techniques with and without fentanyl and a non-epidural comparison group. Anesthesia 65:145–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Rajan L (1994) The impact of obstetric procedures and analgesia/anaesthesia during labour and delivery on breast feeding. Midwifery 10:87–103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Albani A, Addamo P, Renghi A, Voltolin G, Peano L, Ivani G (1999) The effect on breastfeeding rate of regional anesthesia technique for cesarean and vaginal childbirth. Minerva Anestesiol 65:625–630

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Baumgarder DJ, Muehl P, Fischer M, Pribbenow B (2003) Effect of labor epidural anesthesia on breastfeeding of healthy full-term newborns delivered vaginally. J Am Board Fam Pract 16:7–13

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Jordan S, Emery S, Bradshaw C, Watkins A, Friswell W (2005) The impact of intrapartum analgesia on infant feeding. BJOG 112:927–934

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Marc Van de Velde

Authors
  1. Marc Van de Velde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marc Van de Velde .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Anesthesiolgy, Città di Roma Hospital, Rome, Italy

    Giorgio Capogna

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Van de Velde, M. (2015). Effects on Neonate and Breastfeeding. In: Capogna, G. (eds) Epidural Labor Analgesia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13890-9_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13890-9_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-13889-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-13890-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation