Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide an overview on cerebral near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), now called ‘cerebral oximetry’. We will present an overview of recent abstracts and cerebral oximetry studies and discuss its potential impact on critically ill and injured adult and pediatric patients. We will also discuss the capabilities that certain cerebral oximetry machines have of assessing regional blood flow, similar to pulse oximetry’s peripheral perfusion index (PPI).
The central nervous system (CNS) is the least monitored end organ in emergency and critical care medicine. CNS monitoring is usually managed by measuring indirect global physiological parameters, such as heart rate, blood pressure and pulse oximetry. While these parameters give a detailed view of peripheral oxygenation, cerebral oxygenation can only be vaguely surmised. In reality, we are able to monitor the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems with some degree of accuracy, but we are not able to determine with certainty the cerebral physiological status of the critically ill and injured adult or child [1, 2]. Although the pathophysiology of brain injury is complex there are two key components:
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Reduction in oxygen delivery below critical thresholds, and
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Impaired oxygen utilization leading to cerebral tissue failure [1–4].
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Schneider, B., Abramo, T.J., Albert, G. (2015). An Update on Cerebral Oxygenation Monitoring, an Innovative Application in Cardiac Arrest and Neurological Emergencies. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2015. Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2015, vol 2015. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13761-2_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13761-2_20
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