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Evolutionary Toxicology: Population Adaptation in Response to Anthropogenic Pollution

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Extremophile Fishes

Abstract

Anthropogenic activity has affected nearly every environment on the planet. The changes that have occurred as a consequence of human activities have altered aquatic habitats by exacerbating already existing extreme environments and by introducing novel stressors. In some cases, particularly adjacent to heavily industrialized areas, these changes have introduced sufficient novel selective pressures to drive resident populations to genetically adapt in order to survive in the altered habitats, while species that were unable to adapt have been extirpated from these extreme environments. In this chapter, we aim to explore the effects of natural and novel stressors, resulting from anthropogenic activity, on fish populations. We will provide an overview of the possible multi-generational outcomes of anthropogenic contamination, as well as explore documented examples of population-wide changes that have occurred. We present case studies, including population responses to UV light, radionuclides, and metals contamination, as well as adaptational responses to persistent organic pollutants. Through this examination, we aim to not only give an overview of the existing evolutionary changes in fish populations in response to anthropogenic contamination, but also identify future areas of research on the impacts, long-term persistence, and ecological significance of these effects.

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  1. Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Biomedical Studies, and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA

    Elias M. Oziolor & Cole W. Matson

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  1. Elias M. Oziolor
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  2. Cole W. Matson
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  1. School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom

    Rüdiger Riesch

  2. Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA

    Michael Tobler

  3. Sino-German Animal Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M., Germany

    Martin Plath

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Oziolor, E.M., Matson, C.W. (2015). Evolutionary Toxicology: Population Adaptation in Response to Anthropogenic Pollution. In: Riesch, R., Tobler, M., Plath, M. (eds) Extremophile Fishes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13362-1_11

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