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Biomimetic Scaffolds for Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering: Understanding the Role of the Periosteum in Regeneration

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A Tissue Regeneration Approach to Bone and Cartilage Repair

Part of the book series: Mechanical Engineering Series ((MES))

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Abstract

The role of the periosteum in bone tissue engineering is a new and exciting development. Although its regenerative capacity is known and its role in initiating wound healing is well-documented, a complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and specific cues that cause healing induction is still unknown. Recently, a number of different studies have begun to explore how stimulating periosteal recruitment is involved in regeneration. In this chapter we review the importance of the periosteum as well as a number of different materials used to activate and initiate the healing process indicative of the periosteum. Our own work has focused on using electrospun chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds in order to integrate the native periosteal tissue with our material and instigate the healing process in critical size calvarial bone defects. Critical size defects remain elusive and problematic in the clinic to date and tissue engineering is a promising candidate to alleviate such problems. In this chapter we will briefly review our material and its ability to induce osseointegration, osteoinduction and support the formation of new, mineralized tissue in a murine model. This material, along with others, reflect promising and auspicious developments in musculoskeletal tissue engineering and are helping to pave the way in understanding how the periosteum is involved in wound healing.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation [grant # 0434108]. We are grateful to Dr. Gözde Senel for her help with the SEM, and Dr. Darwin Prokop from the Institute of Regenerative Medicine at Texas A&M University for his generous gift of the mMSCs used in our work. PIL is the Laura H. Carnell Professor of Bioegineering, College of Engineering, Temple University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Michael E. Frohbergh

  2. Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Engineering Building Room 811, 1947 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA

    Peter I. Lelkes

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  1. Michael E. Frohbergh
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Correspondence to Peter I. Lelkes .

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  1. Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Hala Zreiqat

  2. Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Colin R. Dunstan

  3. Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Vicki Rosen

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Frohbergh, M.E., Lelkes, P.I. (2015). Biomimetic Scaffolds for Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering: Understanding the Role of the Periosteum in Regeneration. In: Zreiqat, H., Dunstan, C., Rosen, V. (eds) A Tissue Regeneration Approach to Bone and Cartilage Repair. Mechanical Engineering Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13266-2_9

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