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The Role of Viruses in the Genesis of Hodgkin Lymphoma

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Hodgkin Lymphoma

Part of the book series: Hematologic Malignancies ((HEMATOLOGIC))

Abstract

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a heterogeneous condition. Seminal papers published in 1957 and 1966 suggested that HL in younger and older adults had different etiologies and further suggested an infectious etiology for young adult HL. Subsequent epidemiological studies provide broad support for these hypotheses. Data linking young adult HL with a high standard of living in early childhood and lack of child–child contact suggest that delayed exposure to common childhood infections may be involved in the etiology of these cases. There is now compelling evidence that a proportion of cases of HL are associated with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Paradoxically, older adult and childhood cases of HL are more likely to be EBV associated than young adult cases. In this article, I will review studies on viral involvement in HL with a focus on classical HL (cHL), since nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL is considered a separate disease entity. The association with EBV will be discussed with an emphasis on findings which support a causal role for EBV in this malignancy. Studies investigating direct involvement of other exogenous viruses will be summarized.

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Abbreviations

BART:

BamHI-A rightward transcripts

cHL:

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma

DDR1:

Discoidin domain receptor 1

EBER:

EBV-encoded small RNAs

EBNA:

EBV nuclear antigen

EBV:

Epstein–Barr virus

HHV:

Human herpesvirus

HL:

Hodgkin lymphoma

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

HPyV:

Human polyomavirus

HRS:

Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

LMP:

Latent membrane protein

MCHL:

Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma

MCV:

Merkel cell polyomavirus

MV:

Measles virus

NSHL:

Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma

ORF:

Open reading frame

PyV:

Polyomavirus

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

TTV:

Torque teno virus

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Acknowledgments

Work in our laboratory is supported by Leukaemia Lymphoma Research and the Kay Kendall Leukaemia Fund.

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  1. Division of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Ruth F. Jarrett (Professor of Molecular Pathology and Head)

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  1. Ruth F. Jarrett
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Correspondence to Ruth F. Jarrett .

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  1. Universitätsklinikum Köln Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Köln, Germany

    Andreas Engert

  2. Memorial Sloan - Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA

    Anas Younes

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Jarrett, R.F. (2015). The Role of Viruses in the Genesis of Hodgkin Lymphoma. In: Engert, A., Younes, A. (eds) Hodgkin Lymphoma. Hematologic Malignancies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12505-3_2

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