Skip to main content

Evolution of E-Mobility in Carsharing Business Models

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Electric Vehicle Business Models

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Mobility ((LNMOB))

Abstract

Carsharing continues to grow worldwide as a powerful strategy to provide an alternative to solo driving. The viability of electric vehicles, or EVs, has been examined in various carsharing business models. Moreover, new technologies have given rise to electromobility, or e-mobility, systems. This paper discusses the evolution of e-mobility in carsharing business models and the challenges and opportunities that EVs present to carsharing operators around the world. Operators are now anticipating increased EV proliferation into vehicle fleets over the next 5–10 years as technology, infrastructure, and public policy shift toward support of e-mobility systems. Thus, research is still needed to quantify impacts of EVs in changing travel behavior toward more sustainable transport.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Shaheen S, Cohen A (2012) Innovative mobility carsharing outlook: carsharing market overview, analysis, and trends: fall 2012. Transportation Sustainability Research Center, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  2. Schwieger B, Wagner C (2012) Second generation car-sharing: developing a new mobility services target groups and service characteristics. Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften AG Company KG

    Google Scholar 

  3. Barth M, Shaheen S (2001) Shared-use vehicle systems: a framework for classifying carsharing, station cars, and combined approaches. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 1791:105–112

    Google Scholar 

  4. Massot M, Allouche J, Bénéjam E, Parent M (1999) Praxitèle: preliminary results from the Saint-Quentin station-car experiment. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 1666:125–132

    Google Scholar 

  5. Shaheen S, Sperling D, Wagner C (1999) A short history of carsharing in the 90’s. J World Transp Policy Pract 5(3):18–40

    Google Scholar 

  6. Communauté d’Agglomération de La Rochelle (2012) Yélo. http://yelo.agglo-larochelle.fr/accueil. Accessed 23 Oct 2014

  7. McDonald M, Vöge T (2001) Analysis of potentials and limitations of cybernetic transport systems—combined deliverable for D1.1—system operating scenarios and D1.3—barriers to deployment. Technical report, cybermove—cybernetic transportation systems for the cities of tomorrow

    Google Scholar 

  8. Wang M, Martin E, Shaheen S (2012) Carsharing in Shanghai, China: analysis of behavioral response to local survey and potential competition. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 2139:86–95

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fukuda T, Kashima S, Barth M (2003) Evaluating second car system, an electric vehicle sharing experiment in Tama New Town District, Inagi city, Tokyo. In: Presented at the TRB annual meeting

    Google Scholar 

  10. Barth M (2001) Shared-use station car programs. In: Presentation at shared-use, station car summit from University of California, Irvine

    Google Scholar 

  11. Takayama M (2002) Transportation and safety in Japan: introduction of the ITS/EV city car system. J IATSS Res 26(2):118–121

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Barth M, Shaheen S, Fukuda T, Fukuda A (2007) Carsharing and station cars in Asia: an overview of Japan and Singapore. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 1986:106–115

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cohen A, Shaheen S, Brook D, Martin E (2008) Light electric vehicles (LEV) project: consulting final report. Industrial Technology Research Institute

    Google Scholar 

  14. Shaheen S (1999) Dynamics in behavioral adaptation to a transportation innovation: a case study of CarLink—a smart carsharing system. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, UCD-ITS-RR-99-16:232

    Google Scholar 

  15. Shaheen S, Wright J, Dick D, Novick L (2000) CarLink—a smart carsharing system field test final report. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis Publication, UCD-ITS-RR-00-4:182

    Google Scholar 

  16. Shaheen S, Novick L (2005) Framework for testing innovative transportation solutions: case study of CarLink, a commuter carsharing program. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 1927:149–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. ZEV∙NET (2010) FAQ, University of California, Irvine. http://zevnet.fastfleet.net/how/faqs/#vehicles. Accessed 26 July 2012

  18. South Coast Air Quality Management District (2010) AQMD to honor clean air heroes at 22nd annual clean air awards. South Coast Air Quality Management District

    Google Scholar 

  19. Shaheen S, Sperling D, Wagner C (1998) Carsharing in Europe and North America: past, present, and future. Transp Quart 52(3):35–52

    Google Scholar 

  20. Massot H (2000) Praxitèle, un concept, un service, uneexpérimentation, bilan d’un prototype. la revue française TEC, no 159, May–July 2000

    Google Scholar 

  21. Barth M, Todd M, Murakami H (2000) Intelligent transportation system technology in a shared electric vehicle program. In: Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 1731:88–95

    Google Scholar 

  22. Fairley P (2013) Car sharing could be the electric vehicle’s killer app. IEEE Spectrum, 21 Aug 2013. http://spectrum.ieee.org/transportation/advanced-cars/car-sharing-could-be-the-electric-vehicles-killer-app. Accessed 25 Aug 2013

  23. Shaheen S (2013) Carsharing snapshot and impacts: the Americas. In: Presentation at the shared-use mobility summit, San Francisco, California (Unpublished data)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Communauto (2013) Auto-mobile arrives in Rosemont and Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grâce. Communauto, Press Release, 17 Oct 2013. http://actualites.communauto.com/en/2013/10/17/auto-mobile-arrives-rosemont-cote-des-neiges-notre-dame-de-grace/. Accessed 23 Oct 2013

  25. Shaheen S, Schwartz A, Wipyewski K (2004) Policy considerations for carsharing and station cars: monitoring growth, trends, and overall impacts. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 1887:128–136

    Google Scholar 

  26. Shaheen S, Wright J, Sperling D (2002) California’s zero emission vehicle mandate: linking clean-fuel cars, carsharing, and station car strategies. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 3857:113–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board (2012) Advanced clean cars: 2012 proposed amendments to the California zero emission vehicle program regulations. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board

    Google Scholar 

  28. Shaheen S, Cohen A, Martin E (2010) Carsharing parking policy: a review of North American practices and San Francisco, California, Bay Area case study. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 2187:146–156

    Google Scholar 

  29. Moyer M (2009) Parking bid resolution memorandum. City and county of San Francisco Port Commission, 5 Mar 2009. http://www.sfport.com/ftp/uploadedfiles/meetings/supporting/2009/Item%2010A%20Parking%20Lotspdf. Accessed 23 Oct 2014

  30. Shaheen SA, Cohen AP (2013a) Carsharing and personal vehicle services: worldwide market developments and emerging trends. Int J Sustain Transp 7(1)5–34

    Google Scholar 

  31. Shaheen S, Cohen A (2013b) Innovative mobility carsharing outlook: carsharing market overview, analysis, and trends: summer 2013. Transportation Sustainability Research Center, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  32. Nissan Motor Company (2013) Nissan and Yokohama city launch Choimobi Yokohama, Japan’s first one-way car sharing service with a large number of ultra-compact EVs. Press release, Yokohama, Japan. http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NEWS/2013/_STORY/131010-02-e.html. Accessed 30 Oct 2013

  33. Renault (2012) Twizy Way by Renault: an innovative shared electric mobility service. Press release, Renault Group, 11 June 2012. http://media.renault.com/global/en-gb/renault/Media/PressRelease.aspx?mediaid=32671. Accessed 1 Oct 2013

  34. Renault (2013) Renault calls on Keymoov to operate the Twizy Way car-sharing service in Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, France. Press release, Renault Group, 24 Sept 2013. http://media.renault.com/global/en-gb/renaultgroup/Media/PressRelease.aspx?mediaid=50836. Accessed 1 Oct 2013

  35. Mihalascu D (2013) Renault and Bolloré to develop a 3-seater electric car, EV-sharing services. CarScoops, 16 Sept 2013. http://www.carscoops.com/2013/09/renault-and-bollore-to-develop-3-seater.html. Accessed 15 Oct 2013

  36. CITROËN (2013) Multicity Carsharing. CITROËN multicity carsharing. https://www.multicity-carsharing.de/en/. Accessed 15 Oct 2013

  37. Hertz (2013) Hertz unveils ‘Hertz On Demand’ redefining car sharing. Press release, Park Ridge, NJ. http://www.hertz247.com/NewYork/en-US/About/Article/2?artid=408. Accessed 23 Oct 2014

  38. City CarShare (2011) Mitsubishi motors makes first fleet delivery of the 2012 Mitsubishi i-MiEVs (Mitsubishi innovative electric vehicle) to Bay Area’s City CarShare. San Francisco, Press Release, City CarShare, 8 Dec 2011. https://www.citycarshare.org/article/mitsubishi-first-fleet-delivery/. Accessed 21 Sept 2013

  39. City CarShare (2013) Jetting out for a quick trip? Introducing DASH. https://www.citycarshare.org/dash/. Accessed 21 Sept 2013

  40. Blackburn R (2012) Unplugged: electric cars losing their lustre. The Sydney morning herald, 18 Jan 2012. http://www.smh.com.au/drive/motor-news/unplugged-electric-cars-losing-their-lustre-20120118-1q5d6.html. Accessed 23 Oct 2014

  41. Hopewell L (2013) GoGet has electric share cars now in a great leap forward for Aussie EVs. Gizmodo Australia, 19 July 2013. http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2013/07/goget-has-electric-share-cars-now-in-a-great-leap-forward-for-aussie-evs/. Accessed 29 Oct 2013

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Susan A. Shaheen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shaheen, S.A., Chan, N.D. (2015). Evolution of E-Mobility in Carsharing Business Models. In: Beeton, D., Meyer, G. (eds) Electric Vehicle Business Models. Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12244-1_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12244-1_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12243-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12244-1

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics