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Transcriptomics of the Host–Pathogen Interaction in Paracoccidioidomycosis

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Transcriptomics in Health and Disease

Abstract

Due to a lack of molecular tools that enable gain- and loss-of-function studies, much research with the fungi of the Paracoccidioides genus has consisted of gene expression studies. These have addressed the direct interaction of these fungi with the mammalian host or their response to environmental stimuli of interest to the study of their adaptability to said host, such as the temperature shift that triggers dimorphic transition. In this chapter, we present a review of findings of host–pathogen interaction studies and what evidence they found of mechanisms whereby Paracoccidioides is able to overcome differences in environment and establish disease, and of how the host responds to the pathogen. In the first part, which deals with the pathogen response, expression studies have identified metabolic pathways genes thereof are upregulated when the fungi are exposed to different organs, as well as blood and derivatives, of mice and humans. Of note, these studies have suggested an important role, in the adaptation to host tissues, of a metabolic shift away from glycolysis and aerobic respiration and towards fermentative and non-aerobic ways of obtaining energy. With regard to the remarkable preference of the genus for male hosts, studies of the response of Paracoccidioides to oestradiol have suggested a role of Rho GTPases in the process. As for the second part, dealing with the host response to the fungus, despite the paucity of data, the few large-scale studies available offer evidence to support the model whereby Th1-driven immune responses are protective and disease is associated with Th2 and Th17 responses, in keeping with small-scale studies. Overall, gene expression studies have supplied a large amount of data that lack direct experimental confirmation but which keep revealing new research avenues.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910–900, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Hugo Costa Paes, Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca, Ildinete Silva-Pereira & Maria Sueli Soares Felipe

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916, módulo B, bloco C, sala 211, 70790-160, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    André Moraes Nicola

  3. Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Brasília, 72220–900, DF, Brazil

    Patrícia Albuquerque, Aldo Henrique Tavares & Larissa Fernandes

Authors
  1. Patrícia Albuquerque
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  2. Hugo Costa Paes
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  3. Aldo Henrique Tavares
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  4. Larissa Fernandes
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  5. Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca
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  6. Ildinete Silva-Pereira
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  7. Maria Sueli Soares Felipe
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  8. André Moraes Nicola
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Correspondence to André Moraes Nicola .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Geraldo A. Passos

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Albuquerque, P. et al. (2014). Transcriptomics of the Host–Pathogen Interaction in Paracoccidioidomycosis. In: Passos, G. (eds) Transcriptomics in Health and Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11985-4_14

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