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Statins

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Lipid Management

Abstract

Statins are the most common medications prescribed for treatment of lipid disorders to reduce cardiovascular risk. In this chapter, the types and classes of statins are presented. The major statin trials conducted over the last 30 years are then summarized, with an emphasis on the relation of statin use with cardiovascular disease mortality. Statin doses, metabolism, drug interactions, side effects are then summarized. The chapter concludes with the approach to the patient with statin intolerance.

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Abbreviations

ACC/AHA:

American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association

AFCAPS/TexCAPS:

The Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study

ALF:

Acute liver failure

ALLHAT-LLT:

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

ANA:

Antinuclear antibody

ASCOT-LLA:

Anglo-Scandinavia Cardiac outcome Trial- Lipid Lowering Arm

ASCVD:

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

AUC:

Area under the curve

CABG:

Coronary artery bypass grafting

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

CARDS:

Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study

CARE:

Cholesterol and Recurrent Events

CHD:

Coronary heart disease

CK:

Creatine Kinase

CPK:

Creatine phosphokinase

CRP:

C—reactive protein

CVD:

Cardio vascular disease

CYP450:

Cytochromes P450

DILI:

Drug-induced liver injury

DSMB:

Data Safety Monitoring Board

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HMG-CoA:

(3-hydroxy−3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A)

HMGR:

HMG-CoA reductase

HPS:

Heart Protection Study

Jupiter:

Justification for the use of statins in prevention: an intervention trial evaluating rosuvastatin

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

LDL-C:

Low density lipoprotein- cholesterol

LIPID:

Long-term intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease

MEGA:

Management of elevated cholesterol in the primary prevention group of adult Japanese

Mg:

Milligrams

mg/dl:

Milligrams/deciliter

MI:

Myocardial infarction

Ml:

Milliliter

mmol/l:

Milimol per litre

NCEP ATP III:

National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines

NLA:

National Lipid Association

NSAIDs:

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

OAT3:

organic anion transporter 3

OATP:

Organic anion transporting polypeptides

OATP1B1:

Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 inhibitors

P-gp:

P-glycoprotein

PONs:

Paraoxonases are a group of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of organophosphates

PRIMO:

Prediction of Muscular Risk in Observational conditions

RRR:

Relative risk reduction

SLC:

Solute carrier

SLCO:

Solute carrier organic

SLCO1B1:

Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1

TSH:

Thyroid stimulating hormone

UDP:

Uridine diphosphate

UGT:

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

ULN:

Upper limit of normal

WOSCOPS:

West Of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. John Guyton from Duke University for reviewing this chapter, and for his comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St., Room 123A, 90033, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Marija Stojanova Jordanov MD

  2. Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Duke University Hospital, 27710, Durham, NC, USA

    Hiba Abou Assi MD

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  1. Marija Stojanova Jordanov MD
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  2. Hiba Abou Assi MD
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Correspondence to Hiba Abou Assi MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Southern California Lipid Clinic, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Hussein Yassine

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Jordanov, M., Assi, H. (2015). Statins. In: Yassine, H. (eds) Lipid Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11161-2_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11161-2_8

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