Abstract
Pathological study of the heart can be performed either after the death of a subject (during an autopsy) or during the lifetime of a patient (biopsy and cardiac transplantation). The purpose of each of these studies is summarised in Table 1.1.
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Annex: Normal Cardiac Parameters
Annex: Normal Cardiac Parameters
Normal weight and dimensions (Silver and Freedom 1991)
Females | Males | |
|---|---|---|
Cardiac weight | 0.40 % of the body weight | 0.45 % of the body weight |
Valvular perimeters: | 10–11.1 cm | 11.2–11.8 cm |
Tricuspid | 5.7–7.4 cm | 6.1–7.7 cm |
Pulmonary | 8.2–9.1 cm | 9.2–9.9 cm |
Mitral | 5.7–7.9 cm | 6.0–8.5 cm |
Aortic | ||
Wall thickness | 10–15 mm | |
LV | 10–15 mm | |
Septum | 3–4 mm | |
RV | ||
Normal cardiac weights in relation to the body weight in adults (Kitzman et al. 1988)
Females | Males | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | L95 | P | U95 | L95 | P | U95 |
30 | 133 | 196 | 287 | 162 | 213 | 282 |
32 | 137 | 201 | 295 | 167 | 220 | 291 |
34 | 141 | 206 | 302 | 172 | 227 | 300 |
36 | 144 | 211 | 310 | 177 | 234 | 309 |
38 | 148 | 216 | 317 | 182 | 240 | 317 |
40 | 151 | 221 | 324 | 187 | 247 | 325 |
42 | 154 | 226 | 331 | 191 | 253 | 334 |
44 | 157 | 230 | 337 | 196 | 259 | 341 |
46 | 160 | 234 | 344 | 200 | 265 | 349 |
48 | 163 | 239 | 350 | 205 | 270 | 357 |
50 | 166 | 243 | 356 | 209 | 276 | 364 |
52 | 169 | 247 | 362 | 213 | 281 | 371 |
54 | 171 | 251 | 368 | 217 | 287 | 379 |
56 | 174 | 255 | 374 | 221 | 292 | 386 |
58 | 177 | 259 | 379 | 225 | 297 | 392 |
60 | 179 | 262 | 385 | 229 | 302 | 399 |
62 | 182 | 266 | 390 | 233 | 307 | 406 |
64 | 184 | 270 | 395 | 237 | 312 | 412 |
66 | 187 | 273 | 401 | 240 | 317 | 419 |
68 | 189 | 277 | 406 | 244 | 322 | 425 |
70 | 191 | 280 | 411 | 248 | 327 | 431 |
72 | 194 | 284 | 416 | 251 | 331 | 437 |
74 | 196 | 287 | 420 | 255 | 336 | 444 |
76 | 198 | 290 | 425 | 258 | 341 | 450 |
78 | 200 | 293 | 430 | 261 | 345 | 455 |
80 | 202 | 297 | 435 | 265 | 349 | 461 |
82 | 205 | 300 | 439 | 268 | 354 | 467 |
84 | 207 | 303 | 444 | 271 | 358 | 473 |
86 | 209 | 306 | 448 | 275 | 362 | 478 |
88 | 211 | 309 | 453 | 278 | 367 | 484 |
90 | 213 | 312 | 457 | 281 | 371 | 489 |
92 | 215 | 315 | 461 | 284 | 375 | 495 |
94 | 217 | 318 | 465 | 287 | 379 | 500 |
96 | 219 | 320 | 470 | 290 | 383 | 506 |
98 | 221 | 323 | 474 | 293 | 387 | 511 |
100 | 222 | 326 | 478 | 296 | 391 | 516 |
102 | 224 | 329 | 482 | 299 | 395 | 521 |
104 | 226 | 331 | 486 | 302 | 399 | 526 |
106 | 228 | 334 | 490 | 305 | 403 | 531 |
108 | 230 | 337 | 494 | 308 | 406 | 536 |
110 | 232 | 339 | 497 | 311 | 410 | 541 |
112 | 233 | 342 | 501 | 314 | 414 | 546 |
114 | 235 | 345 | 505 | 316 | 418 | 551 |
116 | 237 | 347 | 509 | 319 | 421 | 556 |
118 | 239 | 350 | 513 | 322 | 425 | 561 |
120 | 240 | 352 | 516 | 325 | 429 | 566 |
122 | 242 | 355 | 520 | 327 | 432 | 570 |
124 | 244 | 357 | 523 | 330 | 436 | 575 |
126 | 245 | 360 | 527 | 333 | 439 | 580 |
128 | 247 | 362 | 531 | 335 | 443 | 584 |
130 | 249 | 364 | 534 | 338 | 446 | 589 |
132 | 250 | 367 | 537 | 341 | 450 | 593 |
134 | 252 | 369 | 541 | 343 | 453 | 598 |
136 | 253 | 371 | 544 | 346 | 456 | 602 |
138 | 255 | 374 | 548 | 348 | 460 | 607 |
140 | 257 | 376 | 551 | 351 | 463 | 611 |
142 | 258 | 378 | 554 | 353 | 466 | 616 |
144 | 260 | 381 | 558 | 356 | 470 | 620 |
146 | 261 | 383 | 561 | 358 | 473 | 624 |
148 | 263 | 385 | 564 | 361 | 476 | 629 |
150 | 264 | 387 | 567 | 363 | 479 | 633 |
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Suárez-Mier, M.P., Aguilera, B. (2015). Methodological Approach to Cardiac Autopsy. In: Lucena, J., García-Pavía, P., Suarez-Mier, M., Alonso-Pulpon, L. (eds) Clinico-Pathological Atlas of Cardiovascular Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11146-9_1
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