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The Development of OCT

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Cardiovascular OCT Imaging

Abstract

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables cross sectional and volumetric imaging of internal structure and pathology in biological tissues. OCT can perform an “optical biopsy”, imaging pathology in situ and in real time without the need for excisional biopsy. OCT imaging has become a standard of care in ophthalmology and is an emerging imaging modality in cardiology, where it provides information that often cannot be obtained by any other means. This chapter reviews the early history of OCT development with an emphasis on basic concepts and the process of technology translation. Early OCT technology and catheter imaging devices as well as advances in imaging speed using swept source/Fourier domain detection are reviewed. The process of clinical translation, beginning with ex vivo imaging and histology, preclinical animal studies and progressing to clinical studies in patients is discussed. The history of commercial intravascular OCT development is also summarized.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note there OCT embodiments including full-field OCT that acquire axial data in parallel.

  2. 2.

    In some ways OCT is by definition, always a confocal system. A single spatial optical mode is used for illumination and a single spatial mode is used for detection. However, a long Rayleigh range is often used and the lateral resolution is less than standard confocal microscopes. OCT, with high numerical aperture focusing, is often referred to as Optical Coherence Microscopy (OCM).

  3. 3.

    The longitudinal resolution is actually determined by the product of the coherence (autocorrelation) function and the focusing properties of the incident light beam. But usually the coherence function is the dominate factor.

  4. 4.

    The original name of the company was Coherent Diagnostic Technology, but the corporate name was later changed to LightLab Imaging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and the Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    James G. Fujimoto PhD

  2. Advanced Technology, St. Jude Medical Inc., Westford, MA, USA

    Joseph M. Schmitt PhD

  3. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Eric A. Swanson MSc

  4. Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Ik-Kyung Jang MD, PhD

Authors
  1. James G. Fujimoto PhD
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  2. Joseph M. Schmitt PhD
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  3. Eric A. Swanson MSc
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  4. Ik-Kyung Jang MD, PhD
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Correspondence to James G. Fujimoto PhD .

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  1. Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Ik-Kyung Jang

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Fujimoto, J.G., Schmitt, J.M., Swanson, E.A., Jang, IK. (2015). The Development of OCT. In: Jang, IK. (eds) Cardiovascular OCT Imaging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10801-8_1

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