Abstract
Joint gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) observations, as a key research direction in multi-messenger astronomy, will provide deep insight into the astrophysics of a vast range of astronomical phenomena. Uncertainties in the source sky location estimate from gravitational wave observations mean follow-up observatories must scan large portions of the sky for a potential companion signal. A general frame of joint GW-EM observations is presented by a multi-messenger observational triangle. Using a Bayesian approach to multi-messenger astronomy, we investigate the use of galaxy catalogue and host galaxy information to reduce the sky region over which follow-up observatories must scan, as well as study its use for improving the inclination angle estimates for coalescing binary compact objects. We demonstrate our method using a simulated neutron stars inspiral signal injected into simulated Advanced detectors noise and estimate the injected signal sky location and inclination angle using the Gravitational Wave Galaxy Catalogue. In this case study, the top three candidates in rank have 72 %, 15 % and 8 % posterior probability of being the host galaxy, respectively. The standard deviation of cosine inclination angle (0.001) of the neutron stars binary using gravitational wave-galaxy information is much smaller than that (0.02) using only gravitational wave posterior samples.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge valuable input from J. Kanner. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of this research by the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. XF acknowledges financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 11303009). XF is a Newton Fellow supported by the Royal Society and CM is a Lord Kelvin Adam Smith Fellow supported by the University of Glasgow.
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Fan, X., Messenger, C., Heng, I.S. (2015). Enhancing Gravitational Wave Astronomy with Galaxy Catalogues. In: Sopuerta, C. (eds) Gravitational Wave Astrophysics. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, vol 40. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10488-1_3
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