Abstract
Intellectual property protection via patenting can be regarded as an indispensable means to stay competitive at the national and international levels, also in non-R&D-intensive technology areas. As patents can be used as output indicators of innovation, we aim to shed light on the technological output of non-R&D-intensive sectors with the help of in-depth patent analyses. In addition to investigating the absolute numbers and shares of patent filings compared with the high-technology areas, we examine the positioning of non-R&D-intensive sectors within the innovation chain and assess their internationalisation trends within Germany over the last decade.
The results of our analyses, which are based on the “EPO Worldwide Patent Statistical Database” (PATSTAT), show that the non-R&D-intensive technology areas are an integral part of the development of research and technology within the world economy. Patents from the non-R&D-intensive areas constitute approximately 40 % of worldwide transnational filings, although the size and importance of the non-R&D-intensive technology areas is highly dependent on national idiosyncrasies and industrial structures. The internationalisation trends reveal that the non-R&D-intensive technology areas are even more strongly targeted toward international markets than high-level technologies, although technologies from non-R&D-intensive are largely positioned at the end of the innovation chain, providing rather downstream or market-oriented inventions.
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Notes
- 1.
Our matching algorithm, which is based on a Levenshtein distance, covers 93 % of all transnational filings and 81 % of patent applicants in the year 2010 and reaches a precision of 0.91 and a recall of 0.53.
- 2.
From the manufacturing sectors (NACE Rev. 2, 10-33), the following 3-digit NACE codes are defined as leading-edge industries: 20.2, 21.1, 21.2, 25.4, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3, 26.5, 26.6, 26.7, 30.3, and 30.4. High-level technology industries are defined as follows: 20.1, 20.5, 22.1, 26.4, 27.1, 27.2, 27.4, 27.5, 27.9, 28.1, 28.3, 28.4, 28.9, 29.1, 29.3, 30.2, and 32.5. The remaining 66 3-digit NACE codes define the non-R&D-intensive manufacturing industries.
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Neuhäusler, P., Frietsch, R. (2015). Patent Activities in Non-R&D-Intensive Technology Areas. In: Som, O., Kirner, E. (eds) Low-tech Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09973-6_4
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