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Leptin, Immune Function, and Inflammation

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Leptin

Abstract

The past 20 years of research on leptin have provided crucial information on the link between metabolic state and immune system function. Adipocytes influence not only the endocrine system but also the immune response, through several cytokine-like mediators known as adipokines, which include leptin. Initially described as an antiobesity hormone, leptin has subsequently been shown also to influence hematopoiesis, thermogenesis, reproduction, angiogenesis, and more importantly immune homeostasis. As a cytokine, leptin can affect thymic homeostasis and the secretion of acute-phase reactants such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Leptin links nutritional status and proinflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses and the decrease in leptin plasma concentration during food deprivation leads to impaired immune function. Conversely, elevated circulating leptin levels in obesity appear to contribute to the low-grade inflammatory background which makes obese individuals more susceptible to increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, or degenerative disease including autoimmunity and cancer. We discuss here the role of leptin in the regulation the immune response, innate and adaptive response, both in normal and pathological conditions and the influence of this cytokine/hormone in the physiopathology of inflammation.

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Acknowledgements

G.M. is supported by grants from Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla (FISM) 2012/R/11, the European Union IDEAS Programme European Research Council Starting Grant “menTORingTregs” 310496, the Ministero della Salute Grant GR-2010-2315414 and Grant CNR “Medicina Personalizzata.” This work is dedicated to the memory of Eugenia Papa and Serafino Zappacosta.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Facoltà di Medicinae Chirurgia, Università di Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy

    Giuseppe Matarese M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy

    Claudio Procaccini Ph.D.

  3. Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131, Naples, Italy

    Valentina Pucino M.D.

  4. Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA

    Christos Mantzoros M.D., D.Sc.

  5. Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Christos Mantzoros M.D., D.Sc.

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  1. Giuseppe Matarese M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Claudio Procaccini Ph.D.
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  3. Valentina Pucino M.D.
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  4. Christos Mantzoros M.D., D.Sc.
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Correspondence to Giuseppe Matarese M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

    Sam Dagogo-Jack, MD

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Matarese, G., Procaccini, C., Pucino, V., Mantzoros, C. (2015). Leptin, Immune Function, and Inflammation. In: Dagogo-Jack, MD, S. (eds) Leptin. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09915-6_11

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