Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome is defined as the coexistence of heart failure and renal failure. Under this term, several syndromes with distinct etiology and pathophysiology can be discriminated. This short review focuses on what we have learned from basic research approaches, using animal models. The use of animal models, albeit useful, should always be followed with reservations about extrapolation of results. Two models are presented in detail, one where heart dysfunction is caused by ligation of the left anterior descending artery and another where renal dysfunction is caused by subtotal nephrectomy; in both cases, anatomical and functional alterations in the other organ are presented. Next, future directions in this field are proposed, focused mainly on the need to use system biology approaches for gaining a more holistic understanding and on the promise that interventions on histone deacetylases holds for generating specific and effective pharmaceuticals.
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Abbreviations
- ANP:
-
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
- αSMA:
-
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin
- BiP:
-
Binding immunoglobulin Protein
- βΜΗC:
-
Beta-Myosin Heavy Chain
- CKD:
-
Chronic Kidney Disease
- GFR:
-
Glomerular Filtration Rate
- GRP78:
-
Glucose Responsive Protein 78
- IL-6:
-
Interleukine-6
- IS:
-
Indoxyl Sulfate
- KIM-1:
-
Kidney Injury Molecule-1
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
- MI:
-
Myocardial Infarction
- NFκB:
-
Nuclear Factor κΒ
- NGAL:
-
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin
- RAAS:
-
Rennin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
- SMAD:
-
Similar to Mothers Against Decapentaplegic protein
- STN:
-
Subtotal Nephrectomy
- TGF-β:
-
Transforming Growth Factor-beta
- UPR:
-
Unfolded Protein Response
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Charonis, A.S. (2015). Cardiorenal Syndrome: What Basic Research Can Contribute. In: Cokkinos, D. (eds) Introduction to Translational Cardiovascular Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08798-6_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08798-6_26
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